Table 2.
Demographics and Comorbidities
| Variables | All Patients | Severely Frail*N=39 (34%) | Mildly FrailN = 53 (46%) | NonfrailN = 22 (19%) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 68 ± 13 | 72 ± 13 | 67 ± 12 | 64 ± 13 | .05 |
| Male (% yes) | 48 (42) | 14 (36) | 22 (42) | 12 (55) | .36 |
| Race (% Caucasian) | 100 (88) | 35 (90) | 44 (83) | 21 (95) | .59 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 36 ± 8 | 37 ± 8 | 35 ± 8 | 35 ± 9 | .45 |
| Comorbid conditions | |||||
| Hypertension | 92 (81) | 32 (82) | 40 (75) | 20 (91) | .29 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 52 (46) | 18 (46) | 26 (49) | 8 (36) | .60 |
| Obesity | 86 (75) | 31 (79) | 41 (77) | 14 (64) | .35 |
| Coronary artery disease | 41 (36) | 16 (41) | 20 (38) | 5 (23) | .34 |
| Dyslipidemia | 76 (67) | 29 (74) | 35 (66) | 12 (55) | .29 |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 69 (61) | 26 (67) | 30 (57) | 13 (59) | .61 |
| Atrial arrhythmias | 55 (48) | 24 (62) | 22 (42) | 9 (41) | .12 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 47 (41) | 18 (46) | 21 (40) | 8 (36) | .72 |
| COPD | 33 (29) | 15 (39) | 14 (26) | 4 (18) | .21 |
| Stroke/TIA | 14 (12) | 8 (21) | 4 (8) | 2 (9) | .15 |
| Total comorbidities | 4.8 ± 2.1 | 5.5 ± 2.2 | 4.6 ± 2.0 | 4.1 ± 2.1 | .03 |
| Total medications | 14 ± 7 | 17 ± 7 | 14 ± 6 | 11 ± 5 | .003 |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation continuous and n (% yes) for categorical variables.
BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; TIA, transient ischemic attack; other abbreviations as in Table 1.
*
Severe frailty: SPPB ≤6 points; mild frailty: SPPB 7–9 points; nonfrail: SPPB ≥10 points.