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. 2019 Nov 19;13:73. doi: 10.3389/fncir.2019.00073

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Copyright © 2019 Yin, Li, Deng, Wang, Guo, Zhang, Li, Zhao, Zhong and Dong.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Optogenetic stimulation of VTA–LH GABAergic projection regulates anesthetic induction and recovery. (A) Diagrams showing the protocol of optical activation and inhibition of VTA GABAergic neurons in terminals in the LH on the induction of or emergence from isoflurane anesthesia. (B) Effects of activating or inhibiting VTA GABA-LH projections on the time of LORR. (C) Effects of activating or inhibiting VTA GABA-LH projections on the time of RORR. VTA, ventral tegmental area; LH, lateral hypothalamus; LORR, loss of righting reflex; RORR, recovery of righting reflex. ^∗∗P < 0.01.