Appendix 2.

Description of Included Studies: Outcomes Relating to Range of Motion (ROM).

Author	Tool	Study Population	Muscle(s) Treated	Duration of FR/RM#	Results
*Bradbury-Squires et al29	RM	n = 10 (all male) Recreationally active adults	Quadriceps	5 sets of 20s or 5 sets of 60s with 60s rest between sets 100s or 300s total	Increase in ROM in both the 20 and 60s conditions (both p<0.05) vs control No analysis of chronic effects
Bushell et al30	FR	n = 31 (19 males, 12 females) Adults who were physically active at least 1.5 hours per week who hadn't recently foam rolled	Quadriceps	3 sets of 60s with 30s rest in between sets 180s total 1 FR session during each of sessions 1 & 2, and 5x in 7 days between 1 & 2	No significant difference in ROM for the FR group vs control across all 6 lunges performed at each of the 3 sessions
Casanova et al16	RM	n = 20 (18 males, 2 females) Adult athletes with occasional resistance training experience and no recent ankle injuries	Plantar flexors	6 sets of 45s with 20s rest between sets 270s total	No significant difference in ROM for the RM group vs control at all time points (up to 72h)
*Cheatham et al17	FR	n = 45 (27 males, 18 females) Recreationally active adults	Quadriceps	1 set of 120s 120s total	Increase in ROM (p<0.001) immediately post-FR in non-vibrating FR group vs control No analysis of chronic effects
D'Amico & Paolone31	FR	n = 16 (all male) Trained adults, able to complete an 800 metre run in under 160s	Gluteals, hip flexors, quadriceps, iliotibial band, adductors, and calves	1 set of 30s per region, bilaterally • 360s total	No significant difference in ROM for the FR group vs control
*Jay et al19	RM	n = 22 (all male) Untrained adults with no prior history of knee, low back, or neck pain	Hamstrings	1 set of 600s 600s total	Increase in ROM at 10m (p = 0.03) post-RM in RM group vs control Increase in ROM immediately (p = 0.03) post-RM in RM group vs within-subject control (contralateral leg) Acute, transient effect: no other statistically significant data on ROM
*Junker & Stoggl32	FR	n = 40 (all male) Recreationally active adults who perform sport-like activity 2-3 times per week	Hamstrings	3 sets of 30-40s, bilaterally 180-240s total (mean = 210s) 3 FR sessions per week for 4 weeks	Increase in ROM immediately (p = 0.033) post FR in FR group vs control No significant difference in ROM between FR group and PNF stretching group No analysis of chronic effects
Kelly & Beardsley33	FR	n = 26 (16 males, 10 females) Recreationally active adults performing exercise 2-3 times per week on average	Plantar flexors	3 sets of 30s with 10s rest between sets 90s total	No significant difference in ROM in the FR group vs control
*MacDonald et al (2014)20	FR	n = 20 (all male) All regularly resistance trained 3 or more days/week	Quadriceps, hamstrings, adductors, iliotibial band, and gluteals	2 sets of 60s per region, bilaterally 1200s total	Moderate effect on increasing quadriceps passive ROM at 48 (d = 0.77) and 72h (d = 0.56) post FR, hamstring passive ROM at 72h (d = 0.62) post FR, and hamstring dynamic ROM at 24h (d = 0.57) post FR
*MacDonald et al (2013)34	FR	n = 11 (all male) Recreational resistance training adults, classified as moderately to very physically active	Quadriceps	2 sets of 60s, with 30s rest between sets 120s total	Increase in ROM at both time points of 2 and 10m (both p<0.001) post-FR vs control
Macgregor et al23	FR	n = 16 (all male) Recreationally active adults	Quadriceps	1 set of 120s 120s total 1 FR session per day for 3 consecutive days	No significant difference in ROM in the FR group vs control
*Mohr et al14	FR	n = 40 Recreationally active adults, engaging in physical activity 1-5 hours per week	Hamstrings	3 sets of 60s, with 30s rest between sets 180s total	Increase in ROM regardless of treatment group (p = 0.001) FR + static stretching (SS) group's ROM increased significantly more than SS (p = 0.04), FR (p = 0.06), or control (p = 0.001)
Morales-Artacho et al24	FR	n = 14 (all male) Physically active adults, performing 3-4 hours of sport per week	Hamstrings	1 set of 60s bilateral FR, followed by 5 sets of 60s unilateral FR, bilaterally 660s total	No significant difference in ROM in the FR group vs control Cycling + FR as a warm-up significantly increased ROM at 5 (p0.001) and 30m (p = 0.046) vs control, but was no better than the cycling group vs control alone
*Phillips et al25	FR	n = 24 (8 males, 16 females) Physically active adults, exercising at least 3 times per week	Quadriceps and plantar flexors	1 set of either 60s or 300s per region, bilaterally 240/1200s total	Increase in kneeling lunge knee ROM in both FR groups (p<0.01) vs control Effects of both FR groups were statistically similar, however FR60 had a moderate effect (d = 0.58), while FR300 had a large effect (d = 0.85)
*Smith et al26	FR	n = 29 (8 males, 21 females) Physically active (n = 23) or sedentary (n = 6) adults	Gluteals, hamstrings, quadriceps, and plantar flexors	3 sets of 30s per bilateral region, with 30s rest between sets 360s total	Increase in sit-and-reach scores immediately (p = 0.003) post-FR vs control, but at no further time points Acute, transient effect
*Sullivan et al27	RM	n = 17 (7 males, 10 females) Recreationally active adults participating in physical activity roughly 3 times per week	Hamstrings	1 or 2 sets of 5 or 10s 5, 10, or 20s total	Increase in ROM regardless of treatment group (p = 0.0001) vs control Non-significant trend toward increase in ROM in the 10s groups (p = 0.069) vs 5s groups, regardless of set number
Wilke et al28	FR	n = 17 (7 males, 10 females) Physically active adults	Quadriceps	4 sets of 45s, with 30s rest between sets 180s total	No significant difference in ROM in either FR group vs control

^* - Statistically significant positive conclusion

FR - Foam Roller

RM - Roller Massager

ROM - Range of Motion

PNF - Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation

^# reported as s/m/h - Denotes the indicated number of seconds (s), minutes (m), or hours (h)