Figure 3.

Manipulating vapour diffusion crystallization conditions into batch. (a), (b) Box-and-whisker plots of the submitted PDB precipitant concentrations from vapour diffusion crystallization experiments and their extrapolated equilibration times (time to 90% reservoir concentration), respectively. The diffusion times were calculated from data given by Forsythe et al. (2002 ▸) ▸. (c) The archetypal phase diagram, showing the likely area where the majority of vapour diffusion crystallization experiments begin (dotted line). (d) A design of a crystallization experiment in a two-drop 96-well sitting-drop plate to determine the phase diagram of the protein–precipitant mixture. One drop contains only protein and reservoir solution and the other contains protein, reservoir and seed solution, allowing the plotting of the nucleation and metastable zones, respectively.