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. 2019 Nov 19;10:2674. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02674

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Copyright © 2019 Read, Wijaya, Ramezani-Moghadam, Tay, Schibeci, Liddle, Lam, Yuen, Douglas, Booth, George and Ahlenstiel.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Macrophage orchestration of the IFN-λ immune response. In response to TLR stimulation by viral, bacterial, or fungal pathogens, IFN-λ produced by epithelial (e.g., hepatocytes) or immune cells (e.g., DC) can stimulate the expression of hundreds of Mϕ ISGs. The subsequent effects of IFN-λ on Mϕs can be categorized into direct and indirect effects: Mϕs cytotoxicity and phagocytic ability is increased, as is antigen recognition and presentation, and cytokine/chemokine secretion. Subsequent indirect effects include NK and T cell chemotaxis and increased NK cell cytotoxicity and IFN-γ production.