Table 3.
Association between dietary biomarkers and metabolic parameters after adjustment for confounders by multiple liner regression
| Ferritin (ng/mL) |
Folate (ng/mL) |
n-3 PUFA |
EPA+DHA |
n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (SE) | P | β (SE) | P | β (SE) | P | β (SE) | P | β (SE) | P | |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | ||||||||||
| Crude model | 0.055 (0.011) | <0.001 | 0.465 (0.211) | 0.028 | −1.737 (1.226) | 0.157 | −1.924 (1.347) | 0.154 | −49.002 (30.307) | 0.106 |
| Model 1a | 0.061 (0.012) | <0.001 | 0.432 (0.210) | 0.040 | −2.903 (1.309) | 0.027 | −3.124 (1.431) | 0.029 | −64.715 (31.980) | 0.043 |
| Model 2b | 0.062 (0.012) | <0.001 | 0.456 (0.212) | 0.032 | −2.943 (1.310) | 0.025 | −3.224 (1.432) | 0.025 | −66.494 (31.947) | 0.038 |
| Hemoglobin A1c × 10 (%) | ||||||||||
| Crude model | 0.007 (0.003) | 0.037 | 0.067 (0.060) | 0.263 | −0.877 (0.343) | 0.011 | −0.895 (0.377) | 0.018 | −25.211 (8.464) | 0.003 |
| Model 1a | 0.007 (0.003) | 0.027 | 0.056 (0.060) | 0.351 | −1.308 (0.365) | <0.001 | −1.333 (0.399) | 0.001 | −33.048 (8.901) | <0.001 |
| Model 2b | 0.008 (0.003) | 0.020 | 0.068 (0.061) | 0.265 | −1.296 (0.367) | <0.001 | −1.336 (0.401) | 0.001 | −32.991 (8.927) | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | ||||||||||
| Crude model | 0.213 (0.021) | <0.001 | 0.699 (0.419) | 0.095 | −12.02 8 (2.541) | <0.001 | −13.104 (2.794) | <0.001 | −177.51 (63.629) | 0.005 |
| Model 1a | 0.231 (0.022) | <0.001 | 0.800 (0.424) | 0.060 | −14.300 (2.772) | <0.001 | −15.390 (3.032) | <0.001 | −200.81 (68.704) | 0.004 |
| Model 3c | 0.240 (0.022) | <0.001 | 0.637 (0.424) | 0.134 | −15.952(2.766) | <0.001 | −17.064 (3.032) | <0.001 | −236.70 (68.851) | 0.001 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | ||||||||||
| Crude model | −0.015 (0.002) | <0.001 | 0.066 (0.047) | 0.162 | 0.469 (0.276) | 0.090 | 0.545 (0.303) | 0.073 | 8.407 (6.833) | 0.219 |
| Model 1a | −0.010 (0.002) | <0.001 | 0.006 (0.046) | 0.888 | 0.704 (0.284) | 0.014 | 0.736 (0.311) | 0.018 | 13.245 (6.961) | 0.058 |
| Model 3c | −0.010 (0.002) | <0.001 | 0.011 (0.046) | 0.819 | 0.726 (0.290) | 0.013 | 0.756 (0.318) | 0.018 | 13.723 (7.113) | 0.054 |
a
Model 1 was adjusted for demographic characteristic (age, gender, body mass index, diabetes duration, education, and energy intake).
b
Model 2 was adjusted for confounders in model 1 plus hypertension and hypoglycemic agents use.
c
Model 3 was adjusted for confounders in model 1 plus hypertension, hypolipidemic, and hypoglycemic agents use.
Data were expressed as beta (SE) and P < 0.05 was considered significantly different.