Figure 1.

A hypothetical multilayer network. Four ants interact at different time points and in two different ways. Each diamond represents a layer. The stack of three layers on the left represents aggressive interactions, and the slack of three layers on the right represents trophalactic interactions. Each colour represents a different lime point (blue is t=1. green is t=2, and yellow is t=3). Solid lines represent intralayer (i.e. within-layer) interactions, dotted blue lines represent interlayer (i.e. across-layer) edges in the temporal aspect, and dotted black lines represent interlayer edges in the behavioural aspect. Each interlayer edge connects replicates of the same individual across different layers. See Supplementary Material 1 for further discussion and for a presentation of the mathematical formalism of multilayer networks