Table 2. Mean spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters by device group (N=12).
| No device (ND) | FES | AFO | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Spatiotemporal parameters | |||
| Gait speed (cm/sec) | 41.06 ± 22.77 | 39.89 ± 18.30 | 41.06 ± 20.30 |
| Step length (cm) | 32.95 ± 11.10 | 32.07 ± 8.75 | 32.80 ± 9.90 |
| Stride length (cm) | 65.50 ± 21.38 | 64.31 ± 16.96 | 65.66 ± 21.14 |
| Kinematic parameters | |||
| Peak ankle DF in swing (deg) | 0.56 ± 6.40 | 6.15 ± 7.24a,b | 3.14 ± 6.77a |
| Peak ankle DF on stance (deg) | 10.14 ± 7.07 | 12.49 ± 7.04a,b | 10.64 ± 6.87 |
| DF angle at initial contact (deg) | −5.65 ± 5.40 | 0.23 ± 5.80a,b | −3.65 ± 4.48 |
| Peak knee flexion in swing (deg) | 53.60 ± 12.09 | 56.93 ± 15.07 | 53.46 ± 11.08 |
| Knee angle at initial contact (deg) | 12.09 ± 11.19 | 16.59 ± 9.06a,b | 12.67 ± 9.18 |
| Peak knee flexion in loading response (deg) | 20.96 ± 13.62 | 26.88 ± 12.48a,b | 23.05 ± 12.08 |
| Knee angle at mid-stance (deg) | 8.40 ± 11.22 | 9.53 ± 11.66 | 8.20 ± 11.25 |
a; significant difference from ND (p<0.05). b: significant difference from AFO (p<0.05). FES: functional electric stimulation; AFO: ankle/foot orthoses.