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. 2019 Nov 26;9:17575. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-54155-5

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Characterization of fluorescent proteins, enzymes, and nanoparticles included as droplets in PDMS. (a) Fluorescence of the included biomolecules was visible upon lateral illumination. (b) In situ measurements of the absorbance (continuous line) and fluorescence (dashed line) emission spectra of GFP (green), mCherry (blue), CPC (red) and included as droplets in PDMS. (c) Linear concentration-dependent fluorescence emission of GFP as droplets in PDMS. In the inset, a photographic image and a false colouring based on fluorescence of the material. (d) Concentration-dependent activity of laccase included in PDMS (empty dots) and of the control solution (filled dots). (e) Migration of nanoparticle aggregates in aqueous solution as droplets when exposed to an external magnetic field (magnet on the left) and visualized by optical microscopy over time (droplet volume: 10 µl, = 2.7 mm, total time = 30 s).