Table 1.

Impact of antidepressants on PSG recorded sleep (according to Riemann and Nissen, 2012 [14])

Types of antidepressantsa	Sleep continuity	Slow wave sleep	REM sleep
Nonspecific monoamine reuptake inhibitors (TCAs)
Amitriptyline	↑	↔SWS %	↓ REM %, ↑ REM latency
Doxepin	↑	↔SWS %	↓ REM %, ↑ REM latency
Clomipramine	↑	↑	↓ REM %
Desipramine	↑	↑	↓ REM %
Nortriptyline	?	↑	↓ REM %
Imipramine	?	?	↓ REM %
Selective serotonine reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Citalopram	?	?	↓
Fluvoxamine	↓	?	↓
Fluoxetine	↓	?	↓
Paroxetine	↓	?	↓
Noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (NRIs)
Maprotiline	↑	?	↓
Viloxazine	↓	↓ SWS %	↓
Norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs)
Bupropion	?	↓	↑
Serotonine-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
Venlafaxine	↓	?	↓ REM %
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOis)
Moclobemide	↓	?	↓ REM %
Phenelzine	↓	?	↓ REM %
Other mechanisms of action
Trimipramine	↑	↔SWS %	↔REM %
Mirtazapine	↑	↔SWS %	↔REM %
Trazodon	↑	↑ SWS %	↔REM % (↑ to ↓, individual studies)

^aReported effects are based on preponderance of evidence from published studies (see text for details). Many effects are inconsistent between individual studies. “↑” Indicates increase from pre-treatment baseline; “↓” indicates decrease from pre-treatment baseline; “ ↔ ” indicates no change from pre-treatment baseline