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. 2019 Nov 26;9:17604. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-53898-5

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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EFs attenuate T cell-derived cytokine secretion. Human T cells (2.5 × 10⁶) were stimulated with anti CD3/CD28 antibodies and EF applied for 4 hours at 150 mV/mm. Supernatants were analysed for cytokine production 3 days post EF application. Data plotted represent individual donor values (left panel) and right panels represent the normalised data determining the ratio of EF-exposed cells to control cells for each donor; mean values ± SEM. **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.005.