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. 2019 Nov 26;9:17621. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-54098-x

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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mDIO is associated with increased maternal intestinal NFκB activity and an increased number of colonic CD3⁺ T cells. (A) NFκB activity in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon tissue in control and high-fat dams. (B) Relative transcript levels of Tlr2, Tlr4, Traf6, Nfκb, Il6, and Il10 in control and high-fat fed dams. (C) Number of colonic CD3⁺ T cells in control (open bars, n = 6) and high-fat (grey bars, n = 7) dams and relative transcript levels of colonic CD3ε in control and high-fat dams. Representative images of CD3 T cell immuno-localization in the colon of control and high-fat dams. Scale bar represents 100 µm. Maternal serum eotaxin, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12 (p40), IL-12 (p70), IL-13, IL-17A, KC, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, RANTES, and TNF in control and high-fat fed dams. Main effects are written as text in the figure. Data were analyzed with a 2-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post-hoc multiple comparisons or Student’s t-test where appropriate. Control: open boxes, (n = 7) and high-fat: grey boxes, (n = 9). *p < 0.05.