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. 2019 Nov 26;9:17600. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-54051-y

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Replication of genes that were associated with sex-by-smoking interaction. (A) Venn diagram showing the number of associated genes in the discovery set (NS vs. CS) and in the replication set (NS vs. CS). (B) Venn diagram showing the number of associated genes in the discovery set (NS vs. CS) and in the replication set (NS and FS combined together vs. CS). (C) Venn diagram showing the number of associated genes in the discovery set (NS vs. CS) and in the replication set (FS vs. CS). (D) Venn diagram showing the number of associated genes in the discovery set (NS vs. CS) and in GSE37147 (FS vs. CS). (E) Gene expression of the top 3 replicated genes for sex-by-smoking interaction in the discovery and the replication set. Abbreviations used in the figure: NS = Never Smoker, FS = Former Smoker, CS = Current Smoker.