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. 2019 Nov 20;10:1051. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01051

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Copyright © 2019 Vsevolozhskaya, Hu and Zaykin

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Illustration for decorrelated yet dependent P-values; k = 2, L = 4. A plot of simulated and decorrelated values, U₍₁₎vs.U₍₂₎, reveals a hole in the middle, instead of the complete Malevich black square, indicating dependency.