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. 2019 Nov 26;9:17560. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-54041-0

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Location of the R222 residue and activation properties of R222 mutant channels. (a) Topological representation of Na_V1.4 channel. The four repeats (I-IV) of the channel are shown in green, blue, red and yellow, respectively. Each repeat contains six transmembrane helices (1–6) of which the first four (open) form a voltage-sensing domain (VSD). Helices 5–6 (filled) of each repeat form the central ion-conducting pore. Fourth transmembrane helix (S4) contains several arginine residues. R222 is the second outermost arginine (R2) in the S4 helix of the VSD-I (circled). (b–e) Characterization of the activation properties of R222 mutant channels. Wild-type data is shown in black symbols, R222Q in orange, R222G in grey and R222W in purple. See Table 1 for numeric data. (b) Representative main pore currents in response to voltage steps between −100 mV to +50 mV in 10 mV increments. Voltage protocol is shown in insert. Scale bars: x-axis 2 ms, y-axis 25 pA/pF. (c) Mean current density. (d) Voltage dependence of activation. Solid lines show Boltzmann equation fits to mean Conductance-voltage data. (e) Time constant of inactivation following channel opening. Solid lines represent a fit an exponential curve fit to mean time constant-voltage data.