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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Nov 1.

Published in final edited form as: Prev Med. 2019 Aug 7;128:105789. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.105789

Table 1.

Effect Sizes for All Studies, Cross-sectional, and Longitudinal/Experimental Studies collapsed across all substances.

	Overall		Cross-sectional		Longitudinal/Experimental
Omnibus F Test Results:	F(4, 258) = 30.33 (p < 0.0001)		F(1, 159) = 28.81 (p < 0.0001)		F(4, 94) = 7.49 (p < 0.0001)

Index	Cohen’s d	95% Confidence Intervals	Cohen’s d	95% Confidence Intervals	Cohen’s d	95% Confidence Intervals
Intensity	0.75	0.67– 0.84	0.72	0.61– 0.84	0.80	0.67– 0.93
O_max	0.64	0.56– 0.71	0.59	0.49– 0.69	0.71	0.59– 0.84
Elasticity	0.44	0.37– 0.51	0.33	0.27– 0.39	0.58	0.45– 0.71
Breakpoint	0.30	0.25– 0.36	0.28	0.22– 0.33	0.37	0.25– 0.49
P_max	0.25	0.18– 0.33	0.16	0.11– 0.21	0.35	0.17– 0.54