Gene expressions of enzymes in the fetal skeletal muscle. A: genes involving in the glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle pathways. B: branched-chain amino acid catabolism in the intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR; n = 10) versus control (CON; n = 8). *P ≤ 0.05, unpaired Student’s t tests. ALT, alanine aminotransaminase 1; AST, aspartate transaminase; BCAT1, branched-chain amino acid transaminase 1; BCAT2, branched-chain amino acid transaminase 2; BCKD, branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase; BCKDK, branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase; GS, glutamine synthetase; GLS, glutaminase; LDHA, lactate dehydrogenase A; LDHB, lactate dehydrogenase B; PC, pyruvate carboxylase; PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase; PDK4, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4; PFK, phosphofructokinase; PK, pyruvate kinase.