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. 2019 Sep 4;317(5):R733–R745. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00153.2019

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Fig. 4. — The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) hepatocyte-specific knockout (Ppara^HepKO) mice develop hepatic inflammation on high-fat diet (HFD). A: H&E staining in livers from PPAR wild-type (Ppara^fl/fl) and Ppara^HepKO mice on normal fat diet (NFD) and HFD and inflammation score. Yellow arrows, Ppara^HepKO had focal-to-mild lobular inflammation on 100% of the HFD mice tested. B and C: biochemical measurement of hepatic triglyceride levels. Measurement of hepatic immune gene expression in NFD and HFD in Ppara^fl/fl and Ppara^HepKO mice for Cd20 and Cd3 (B) and macrophage markers Adgre1, Tnfa, Nos2, and Arg1 (C). Values are means ± SE; *P < 0.05 vs. NFD Ppara^fl/fl; #P < 0.05 vs. HFD Ppara^fl/fl; ^P < 0.05 vs. NFD Ppara^HepKO. A: n = 13 and 8, Ppara^fl/fl NFD, HFD; n = 6 and 8, Ppara^HepKO NFD, HFD. B and C: n = 13 and 7, Ppara^fl/fl NFD, HFD; n = 6 and 8, Ppara^HepKO NFD, HFD. n, number of mice. All circles, NFD; all squares, HFD.