Table 3.
Participant demographics and recovery times by sex
| Group | Male | Femalec | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise group | n = 28 | n = 24 | |
| Age (y), mean ± SD | 15.3±1.5 | 15.3±1.9 | .949 |
| Previous concussion, mean ± SD | 0.86±0.9 | 0.54±0.7 | .291 |
| Days to initial visit ± SD | 4.9±2.5 | 4.8±1.8 | .876* |
| Initial visit symptom severity (PCSS), mean ± SD | 26.6±12.4 | 35.7±19.3 | .056* |
| Initial visit physical examination findings (BCPE), mean ± SD | 2.0±1.4 | 2.0±1.7 | .409 |
| Recovery time (d), median (IQR) | 12.5 (9.25-16.75) | 13 (11-19) | .948 |
| Delayed recovery, n (%) | 0 (0) | 2 (8.3) | .119 |
| Placebo group | n = 27 | n = 24 | |
| Age (y), mean ± SD | 15.3±1.6 | 15.6±1.8 | .505 |
| Previous concussion, mean ± SD | 0.93±1.0 | 0.38±0.7 | .071 |
| Days to initial visit, mean ± SD | 4.8±2.8 | 4.8±1.8 | .978 |
| Initial visit symptom severity (PCSS), mean ± SD | 31.2±23.1 | 35.8±15.1 | .407 |
| Initial visit physical examination findings (BCPE), mean ± SD | 3.1±1.6 | 2.6±1.9 | .530 |
| Recovery time (d), median (IQR) | 18 (12-29) | 16.5 (14-21.5) | .313 |
| Delayed recovery, n (%) | 5 (18.5) | 2 (8.3) | .291 |
| Rest group | n = 36 | n = 12 | |
| Age (y), mean ± SD | 15.4±1.4 | 15.5±1.7 | .774 |
| Previous concussion, mean ± SD | 0.33±0.6 | 0.42±0.5 | .149 |
| Days to initial visit, mean ± SD | 4.4±2.0 | 4.1±1.8 | .619 |
| Initial visit symptom severity (PCSS), mean ± SD | 30.2±20.6 | 36.8±11.8 | .178* |
| Initial visit physical examination findings (BCPE), mean ± SD | 2.4±1.9 | 2.3±1.7 | .481 |
| Recovery time (d), median (IQR) | 16 (8.25-20.75) | 15 (11.25-28.25) | .868 |
| Delayed recovery, n (%) | 4 (11.1) | 2 (16.7) | .614 |
Abbreviations: BCPE, Buffalo concussion physical examination;IQR, interquartile range.
*
Levene test for equality of variance <0.05, hence variance not assumed equal.