Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies (n = 39).
| Study | City, State or UT (Region) | Study design | Study setting | Type(s) of health service evaluated | Sample size | Study population |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| QUANTITATIVE (n = =29) | ||||||
| 1. Charles et al., 2010 | Chennai & Madurai, Tamil Nadu (South) | Cross-sectional | Community | Public, Private | 640 | Chest symptomatics |
| 2. Dandona et al., 2004 | Andhra Pradesh & Tamil Nadu (South), Maharashtra (West), Rajasthan (North) | NR | Government facilities | Public | 314 | PTB, EPTB patients |
| 3. Dhingra et al., 2004 | Delhi (North) | NR | New Delhi TB Centre | Public | 36 | PTB patients with pleural effusion |
| 4. Divija et al., 2015 | Tamil Nadu (South) | Cross-sectional | DOTS or DMC centres in 4 medical colleges | Public | 20 | NSP TB patients |
| 5. Goel et al., 2011 | Karnataka (South) | Cross-sectional | DOTS centres | Public | 98 | NSP TB patients receiving DOTS |
| 6. Grover et al., 2003 | Punjab (North) | Cross-sectional | Community | Public, Private | 192 | Chronic chest symptomatics |
| 7. Gupta et al., 2010 | Delhi (North) | Retrospective cohort | Tertiary-level TB institute | Public, Private | 366 | PTB, EPTB patients |
| 8. Gupta, 2015 | Uttar Pradesh (North) | Cross-sectional | DOTS centres | Public | 400 | Patients attending DOTS |
| 9. Haque et al., 2014 | Uttar Pradesh (North) | Longitudinal | DMCs | Public | 117 | Patients registered for DOTS |
| 10. Jaggarajama et al., 2009a | Chennai, Tamil Nadu (South) | Cross-sectional | Government facilities | Private | 104 | Patients who shifted from private to public health facility |
| 11. Jebamalar et al., 2018 | Chennai, Tamil Nadu (South) | Cross-sectional | Government facilities | Public, Private | 197 | Newly diagnosed PTB patients registered for intensive phase of Category 1 ATT) |
| 12. Mallick et al., 2017 | West Bengal (East) | Unmatched case control | Community (registered under RNTCP) | Public | 202 | NSP TB patients registered for DOTS [99 cases (treatment non-completion) + 103 controls (completion)] |
| 13. Mehra et al., 2013 | Uttarakhand (North) | Prospective descriptive | Referral hospital | Public | 98 | SP PTB patients that defaulted after referal to district TB centre for DOTS |
| 14. Mistry et al., 2016 | Maharashtra (West) | Retrospective survey | Slums | Public, Private | 76 | PTB patients who had completed treatment including TB-diabetes (n = 6) and TB-HIV (n = 4) |
| 15. Patel et al., 2013 | Ahmedabad, Gujarat (West) | Cross-sectional | DOTS centre | Public | 160 | PTB patients with treatment delay |
| 16. Paul et al., 2012 | West Bengal (East) and Andhra Pradesh (South) | Retrospective cohort | Government facilities | Public | 150 | PTB patients with treatment delay |
| 17. Pranavi et al., 2017 | Puducherry (South) | Cross-sectional | DMC | Public | 200 | Presumptive TB patients referred to DMC |
| 18. Rai et al., 2015 | Madhya Pradesh (Central) | Observational | DMC cum DOTS centres | Public | 67 | Non-adhering PTB, EPTB patients |
| 19. Rai et al., 2017 | Madhya Pradesh (Central) | Cross-sectional | DMC cum DOTS Centres | Public | 337 | Patients registered for DOTS |
| 20. Rashmi & Vijaykumar, 2010 | Karnataka (South) | Cross-sectional | Government PHC | Public | 30 | TB patients attending PHC |
| 21. Sawase et al., 2016 | Maharashtra (West) | Cross-sectional | DOTS centre in Malvani slum | Public | 65 | Smear positive, smear negative, & EPTB patients taking DOTS |
| 22. Selvam et al., 2007 | Tamil Nadu (South) | Cross-sectional | Government facilities | Public | 601 | NSP PTB patients, diagnosed and treated at government facilities |
| 23. Srinath 2018 | Karnataka (South) | Cross-sectional | TB Unit | Public | 160 | PTB patients that visit TB unit |
| 24. Srivastav and Mahajan, 2014 | Uttar Pradesh (North) | Cross-sectional | DMCs | Public | 220 | Diagnosed TB cases enrolled in DOTS |
| 25. Srivastava et al., 2017 | Uttar Pradesh (North) | Observational | DMCs | Public | 300 | PTB, EPTB patients registered at DMC |
| 26. Sudha et al., 2003 | Tamil Nadu (South) | Cross-sectional | Community | Public, Private | 98 | Chest symptomatics |
| 27. Sukumaran et al., 2002 | Kerala (South) | Longitudinal | District TB centres | Public | 100 | PTB patients registered for DOTS |
| 28. Tiwari & Wavare, 2015 | Madhya Pradesh (Central) | Cross-sectional | DOTS centre | Public | 150 | PTB, EPTB patients referred to DOTS centres |
| 29. Yamini et al., 2017 | Andhra Pradesh (South) | Cross-sectional | Tertiary care hospital | Public, Private | 100 | SPTB patients in hospital TB ward |
| QUALITATIVE (n = =10) | ||||||
| 30. Benbaba et al., 2015 b,c | Mumbai, Maharashtra (West) | NR | MSF Clinic | Public, Private | 12 | DR-TB patients |
| 31. Furin et al., 2014b | Mumbai, Maharashtra (West) | NR | MSF Clinic | Public, Private | 12 | HIV-MDR-TB coinfected patients |
| 32. Isaakidis et al., 2013b | Mumbai, Maharashtra (West) | NR | MSF Clinic | Public, Private | 12 | HIV-MDR-TB coinfected patients |
| 33. Jaiswal et al., 2003 | Delhi (North) | NR | Chest clinics and DOTS centres | Public | 40 | PTB, EPTB patients who stoped treatment |
| 34. Rakesh et al., 2016 | Kerala (South) | NR | Community | Public | 29 | TB patients that just completed treatment (or in last month) |
| 35. Singh et al., 2002 | Delhi (North) | NR | Chest clinics | Public | 59 | Patients who refused |
| or were denied DOTS | ||||||
| 36. Tripathi et al., 2015c | Uttar Pradesh (North) | Grounded theory | DR-TB Centres | Public | 12 | MDR-TB patients |
| 37. Yellapa et al., 2017 | Karnataka (South) | NR | Community | Public, Private | 4 | TB (n = 3) & TB-diabetes (n = 1) patients |
| 38. Yellappa et al., 2016d | Karnataka (South) | NR | Government facilities | Public, Private | 33 | PTB, EPTB patients |
| 39. Yellappa et al., 2017d | Karnataka (South) | NR | Government facilities | Public, Private | 33 | PTB, EPTB patients |
ATT = Anti-tubercular treatment, RNTCP = Revised National TB Control Program; DMC = Designated Microscopy Centre; DOTS = Directly Observed Therapy, Short course; PHC = Primary Health Centre; MSF = Médecines Sans Frontières; SP = smear-positive; NSP = new smear-positive; PTB = pulmonary TB; EPTB = extrapulmonary TB; MDR-TB = multi-drug resistant TB; WHO = World Health Organization. a = the study reported data from 1997 (pre-RNTCP) and 2005 (post-RNTCP) separately, only 2005 data were included in this review. b = data from these three studies originate from the same larger pool of data. c = these studies are mixed-method, however only their qualitative component was relevant and assessed for this review. d = data from these two studies originate from the same larger pool of data.