Table 3.

Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval of having postpartum depression according to the disrespect and abuse experiences during childbirth, 2015 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study.

Variable	All (N = 3065)				No antenatal depression (N = 2164)				Antenatal depression (N = 901)				Interaction term p value
	Unadjusted		Adjusted*		Unadjusted		Adjusted*		Unadjusted		Adjusted*
Postpartum depression (EPDS score ≥13)
Any disrespect and abuse	1.54	1.15–2.05	1.31	0.96–1.79	1.79	1.01–3.18	1.69	0.93–3.09	1.02	0.71–1.45	1.04	0.71–1.53	0.15
Verbal abuse	1.85	1.30–2.65	1.58	1.06–2.33	2.51	1.26–5.04	2.37	1.14–4.91	1.07	0.69–1.66	1.16	0.71–1.87	0.09
Denial of care	1.70	1.09–2.66	1.48	0.91–2.41	1.98	0.83–4.69	1.80	0.72–4.45	1.30	0.74–2.26	1.24	0.67–2.28	0.47
Physical abuse	1.63	0.99–2.69	1.54	0.90–2.65	1.20	0.37–3.91	1.22	0.36–4.06	1.40	0.76–2.57	1.58	0.81–3.07	0.74
Undesired procedures	1.41	0.89 2.25	1.34	0.82–2.20	1.62	0.64–4.12	1.71	0.65–4.50	0.99	0.56–1.74	1.05	0.58–1.93	0.48
Postpartum depression (EPDS score ≥15)
Any disrespect and abuse	1.86	1.32–2.63	1.56	1.07–2.27	2.39	1.08–5.25	1.99	0.87–4.56	1.25	0.84–1.87	1.30	0.84–2.01	0.26
Verbal abuse	2.10	1.37–3.21	1.69	1.06–2.70	4.27	1.80–10.12	3.70	1.48–9.25	1.12	0.67–1.86	1.17	0.66–2.05	0.03
Denial of care	1.91	1.13–3.23	1.56	0.86–2.80	1.38	0.32–5.87	1.01	0.22–4.63	1.64	0.90–3.02	1.53	0.77–3.03	0.79
Physical abuse	2.36	1.37–4.07	2.28	1.26–4.12	2.85	0.85–9.60	2.42	0.68–8.67	1.83	0.95–3.52	2.08	1.01–4.28	0.61
Undesired procedures	1.35	0.75–2.43	1.32	0.71–2.46	2.19	0.65–7.34	2.25	0.64–7.95	0.87	0.43–1.74	0.98	0.47–2.03	0.28

^⁎Adjusted for maternal education, family income, skin color, age, parity, desire of pregnancy, marital status, father reaction when discovering pregnancy, pregnancy morbidities, deliver type and history of depression.