Table 4.
Factors Associated With Virologic Failure
| Unadjusted HR | Adjusted HR | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Risk Factor | HR (95% CI) | P Value | HR (95% CI) | P Value |
| LLV (Ref. CS) | ||||
| hLV | 3.08 (2.42–3.93) | <.0001 | 2.29 (1.78–2.96) | <.0001 |
| pLLV | 3.89 (2.74–5.52) | <.0001 | 3.46 (2.42–4.93) | <.0001 |
| iLLV | 0.34 (.22–.54) | <.0001 | 0.33 (.21–.52) | <.0001 |
| Male | 1.01 (.67–1.53) | .96 | 1.18 (.78–1.80) | .43 |
| Race (Ref. white) | ||||
| Black | 1.31 (1.05–1.65) | .02 | 1.33 (1.06–1.68) | .02 |
| Hispanic/Other | 0.81 (.57–1.15) | .24 | 1.03 (.72–1.47) | .87 |
| Age at ART initiationa (per 10 year increase) | 0.88 (.78–1.00) | .04 | 0.70 (.61–.82) | <.0001 |
| Log viral load at ART initiation (copies/mL) (per log increase) | 0.95 (.85–1.05) | .31 | 1.15 (1.02–1.30) | .02 |
| Antiretroviral use prior to ART | 2.64 (2.12–3.27) | <.0001 | 1.79 (1.34–2.38) | <.0001 |
| Time from HIV diagnosis to ART initiation (per year increase) | 1.05 (1.03–1.07) | <.0001 | 1.03 (1.00–1.06) | .06 |
| CD4 countsa (per 100 cells/uL increase) | 0.94 (.90–.98) | .002 | 0.97 (.93–1.01) | .14 |
| ART regimena (Ref. Unboosted PI) | ||||
| Boosted PI | 0.70 (.50–1.00) | .05 | 0.96 (.67–1.37) | .81 |
| INSTI | 0.16 (.08–.31) | <.0001 | 0.26 (.13–.53) | <.001 |
| NNRTI | 0.45 (.35–.58) | <.0001 | 0.68 (.51–.90) | .007 |
| Other combinations | 0.95 (.68–1.34) | .78 | 1.18 (.83–1.66) | .36 |
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; CI, confidence interval; CS, continuous suppression; hLV, high-level viremia; HR, hazard ratio; iLLV, intermittent low-level viremia; INSTI, integrase strand transfer inhibitor; LLV, low-level viremia; NNRT, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; OR, odds ratio; PI, protease inhibitor; pLLV, persistent low-level viremia; Ref., reference.
aAge, CD4 counts, and ART regimen class were time-updated covariates.