Table 3.
Clinical outcomes comparisons at 24 months, Navajo Nation, United States, 2010–2014
| Intervention | Crude Model a | Adjusted Model b | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Difference post VS pre intervention | 95%CI | Difference post VS pre intervention | 95%CI | |||
| PRE | POST | HbA1c | ||||
| COPE | N = 173 | N = 163 | ||||
| LSM (SE) | LSM (SE) | |||||
| 8.39 (0.05) | 7.82 (0.06) | −0.57 | −0.70, −0.45 | −0.56 | −0.69, −0.44 | |
| non-COPE | N = 2879 | N = 2738 | ||||
| LSM (SE) | LSM (SE) | |||||
| 8.23 (0.01) | 8.29 (0.01) | 0.06 | 0.03, 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.04, 0.10 | |
| P interaction | < 0.0001 | P interaction | < 0.0001 | |||
| PRE | POST | LDL | ||||
| COPE | N = 72 | N = 73 | ||||
| LSM (SE) | LSM (SE) | |||||
| 95.70 (3.85) | 83.92 (3.87) | −11.79 | −17.04, −6.53 | −10.58 | −15.85, −5.31 | |
| non-COPE | N = 1596 | N = 1499 | ||||
| LSM (SE) | LSM (SE) | |||||
| 95.52 (2.13) | 91.18 (2.15) | −4.33 | −5.54, −3.13 | −3.18 | −4.41, −1.95 | |
| P interaction | 0.007 | P interaction | 0.007 | |||
| PRE | POST | SBP | ||||
| COPE | N = 113 | N = 113 | ||||
| LSM (SE) | LSM (SE) | |||||
| 132.46 (0.97) | 134.86 (0.97) | 2.40 | 1.45, 3.35 | 2.06 | 1.10, 3.02 | |
| non-COPE | N = 1966 | N = 1964 | ||||
| LSM (SE) | LSM (SE) | |||||
| 131.45 (0.36) | 132.43 (0.36) | 0.98 | 0.74, 1.23 | 0.61 | 0.35, 0.87 | |
| P interaction | 0.005 | P interaction | 0.004 | |||
| PRE | POST | BMI | ||||
| COPE | N = 59 | N = 59 | ||||
| LSM (SE) | LSM (SE) | |||||
| 36.57 (0.71) | 36.06 (0.71) | −0.51 | −0.90, −0.12 | −0.27 | −0.67, 0.12 | |
| non-COPE | N = 1196 | N = 1182 | ||||
| LSM (SE) | LSM (SE) | |||||
| 35.88 (0.16) | 35.31 (0.16) | −0.57 | −0.67, − 0.47 | − 0.34 | − 0.45, − 0.22 | |
| P interaction | 0.78 | P interaction | 0.75 | |||
COPE Community Outreach and Patient Empowerment, HbA1c glycosylated hemoglobin, LDL low-density lipoprotein (mg/dl), SBP systolic blood pressure (mmHg), BMI body mass index (kg/m2), LSM Least Squares Means, SE Standard Error, CI confidence interval, P interaction p-value of the interaction for the β of the term intervention(0/1)*time (pre/post)
a Model adjusted for the pre-2 years’ means
b Adjusted model for pre-2 years’ means, age (years; continuous), gender (male/female), preferred language (English, Navajo and other), primary care physician (yes/no); essential hypertension (yes/no), major depression disorder (yes/no), alcohol abuse (yes/no), dyslipidemia (yes/no), and major cardiovascular disease (yes/no)