Table 3.
Odds ratios (ORs) of having better knowledge, more appropriate attitudes and better practices in relation to antibiotic use
| Variables | Knowledge level | Attitudes level | Practices level | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude ORa (95% CI) | Adjusted ORa (95% CI) | p = value | Crude ORa (95% CI) | Adjusted ORa (95% CI) | p = value | Crude ORa (95% CI) | Adjusted ORa (95% CI) | p = value | |
| Gender | |||||||||
| Male | 0.973 (0.572, 1.657) | 0.867 (0.404, 1.859) | 0.714 | 1.709 (0.971, 3.009) | 1.672 (0.844, 3.311) | 0.141 | 0.487 (0.272, 0.870) | 0.394 (0.187, 0.829) | 0.014 |
| Female | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Area of Residence | |||||||||
| Rural | 0.321 (0.183, 0.562) | 0.317 (0.149, 0.676) | 0.003 | 0.517 (0.292, 0.915) | 0.587 (0.095, 1.492) | 0.119 | 0.336 (0.188, 0.601) | 0.553 (0.281, 1.085) | 0.085 |
| Urban | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Age Group (Yr.) | |||||||||
| 15–24 | 3.621 (1.341, 9.777) | 0.271 (0.060, 1.212) | 0.088 | 1.301 (0.475, 3.561) | 0.376 (0.95, 1.492) | 0.164 | 7.227 (2.579, 20.254) | 1.272 (0.313, 5.163) | 0.736 |
| 25–34 | 9.154 (3.880, 21.595) | 2.714 (0.861, 8.558) | 0.088 | 2.765 (1.262, 6.057) | 1.377 (0.480, 3.945) | 0.552 | 3.489 (1.479, 8.233) | 1.027 (0.324, 3.256) | 0.964 |
| 35–44 | 4.021 (1.902, 8.502) | 1.837 (0.741, 4.558) | 0.189 | 1.096 (0.525, 2.288) | 0.669 (0.278, 1.611) | 0.370 | 2.278 (1.024, 5.067) | 1.089 (0.430, 2.756) | 0.858 |
| 44+ | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Education Level | |||||||||
| Below secondary level | 0.093 (0.042, 0.207) | 0.035 (0.010, 0.127) | < 0.001 | 0.152 (0.071, 0.323) | 0.147 (0.053, 0.411) | < 0.001 | 0.093 (0.042, 0.207) | 0.098 (0.033, 0.293) | < 0.001 |
| High school & intermediate | 0.143 (0.062, 0.331) | 0.285 (0.090, 0.906) | 0.033 | 0.332 (0.153, 0.721) | 0.337 (0.140, 0.812) | 0.015 | 0.143 (0.062, 0.331) | 0.155 (0.061, 0.939) | < 0.001 |
| Bachelor degree and above | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
OR: Odds ratio.
aOR for included explanatory factors: adjusted with gender, residence, age and education
Reference categories: 1 and better or more appropriate
Respondents scoring higher than the median were assessed as having “better knowledge”, “more appropriate attitudes” and “better practices” relating to antibiotic use.