Table 4.
Frequency of comorbidities reported at inclusion
| Total | Never smoker | Ex-smoker | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | ||||
| (N = 250) | (N = 98) | OR (95%CI) | (N = 64) | (N = 39) | OR (95%CI) | (N = 169) | (N = 53) | OR (95%CI) | |
| Single Comorbidity | |||||||||
| Arterial hypertension (N, %) | 84 (34) | 31 (32) | 1.09 (0.66–1.80) | 18 (28) | 8 (21) | 1.52 (0.59–3.92) | 62 (37) | 20 (38) | 0.96 (0.51–1.81) |
| Gastroesophageal reflux (N, %) | 74 (30) | 39 (40) | 0.64 (0.39–1.04) | 16 (25) | 20 (51) | 0.32 (0.14–0.74) | 55 (33) | 17 (32) | 1.02 (0.53–1.98) |
| Other cardiovasculara (N, %) | 76 (30) | 10 (10) | 3.84 (1.89–7.80) | 18 (28) | 5 (13) | 2.70 (0.90–7.88) | 54 (32) | 5 (9) | 4.51 (1.70–12.0) |
| Coronary heart disease (N, %) | 59 (24) | 8 (8) | 3.48 (1.59–7.58) | 14 (22) | 1 (3) | 10.6 (1.34–84.5) | 43 (25) | 6 (11) | 2.70 (1.07–6.70) |
| Diabetes (N, %) | 38 (15) | 14 (14) | 1.08 (0.55–2.09) | 6 (9) | 3 (8) | 1.24 (0.29–5.28) | 30 (18) | 10 (19) | 0.93 (0.42–2.05) |
| Cancer (N, %) | 20 (8) | 13 (13) | 0.57 (0.27–1.19) | 4 (6) | 5 (13) | 0.45 (0.11–1.80) | 15 (9) | 7 (13) | 0.64 (0.25–1.66) |
| Thyroid diseasesb (N, %) | 11 (4) | 11 (11) | 0.36 (0.15–0.87) | 4 (6) | 2 (5) | 1.23 (0.22–7.07) | 6 (4) | 8 (15) | 0.21 (0.07–0.63) |
| Sleep apnea (N, %) | 18 (7) | 4 (4) | 1.82 (0.60–5.53) | 4 (6) | 3 (8) | 0.80 (0.17–3.78) | 13 (8) | 1 (2) | 4.33 (0.55–33.9) |
| Asthma (N, %) | 5 (2) | 10 (10) | 0.18 (0.06–0.54) | 3 (5) | 8 (21) | 0.19 (0.05–0.77) | 2 (1) | 2 (4) | 0.31 (0.04–2.22) |
| COPD (N, %) | 8 (3) | 2 (2) | 1.59 (0.33–7.61) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – | 7 (4) | 1 (2) | 2.25 (0.27–18.7) |
| Osteoporosis (N, %) | 1 (0.4) | 5 (5) | 0.10 (0.01–0.65) | 1 (2) | 3 (8) | 0.19 (0.02–1.90) | 0 (0) | 2 (4) | 0.06 (0.003–1.30) |
| Multiple comorbidities | |||||||||
| 1- comorbidity (N, %) | 77 (31) | 31 (32) | 0.96 (0.58–1.59) | 15 (23) | 14 (36) | 0.69 (0.28–1.66) | 59 (35) | 14 (26) | 1.50 (0.75–2.97) |
| 2-comorbidties (N, %) | 59 (24) | 31 (32) | 0.67 (0.40–1.12) | 13 (20) | 13 (33) | 0.51 (0.21–1.26) | 42 (25) | 16 (30) | 0.76 (0.39–1.51) |
| 3-comorbidties (N, %) | 33 (13) | 11 (11) | 1.20 (0.58–2.50) | 7 (11) | 6 (15) | 0.68 (0.21–2.18) | 26 (15) | 4 (8) | 2.23 (0.74–6.70) |
| 4-comorbidties (N, %) | 20 (8.0) | 4 (4.0) | 2.04 (0.68–6.14) | 5 (8) | 0 (0) | 7.30 (0.39–136) | 14 (8) | 4 (8) | 1.11 (0.35–3.52) |
| 5-comorbidties (N, %) | 4 (2.0) | 1 (1.0) | 1.60 (0.17–14.3) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 1.87 (0.07–47.0) | 2 (1) | 1 (2) | 0.62 (0.06–7.01) |
OR Odds ratio, 95% CI 95% confidence interval, COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
aOther cardiovascular disease: Atrial fibrillation and Heart failure
bThyroid diseases: hypo−/hyperthyroidism