PKCα knock-out affects endocytosis examined with EM at hippocampal synapses. A, EM images of WT and PKCα−/− hippocampal boutons at rest (Rest) and at 0 min (K+), 3 min and 10 min after 1.5 min 90 mm KCl application. For Rest, HRP was included for 1.5 min; for KCl application, HRP was included only during KCl application (see labels). B, C, Number of HRP(+) vesicles (B) and the bulk endosome area (C) per square micrometer of synaptic cross-section are plotted versus the time before (Rest) and at 0 min (K+), 3 min, and 10 min after the end of KCl application in WT and PKCα−/− hippocampal cultures (mean + SEM, each group was from 100–132 synaptic profiles from 4–12 mice). The temperature before fixation was 22–24°C. ***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05 (t test). D, E, Similar to B and C, respectively, except that the temperature was 37°C before fixation.