Table 3.
Unit-level organizational change and sickness absence – multilevel random effects analyses
| Change type | Model 1a | Model 2b | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Short-term SA | Long-term SA | Short-term SA | Long-term SA | |||||
| (<=8 days) | (>=9 days) | (<=8 days) | (>=9 days) | |||||
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| Unit-level upsizing next quarter | 1.01 | (0.95–1.07) ns | 1.001 | (0.92–1.09) ns | 1.02 | (0.96–1.08) ns | 1.02 | (0.94–1.12) ns |
| Unit-level upsizing this quarter | 0.75 | (0.72–0.79) *** | 0.83 | (0.78–0.89) *** | 0.77 | (0.73–0.80) *** | 0.89 | (0.83–0.95) ** |
| Unit-level upsizing previous quarter | 0.83 | (0.80–0.87) *** | 0.83 | (0.77–0.89) *** | 0.85 | (0.81–0.89) *** | 0.88 | (0.82–0.94) *** |
| Unit-level downsizing next quarter | 0.65 | (0.62–0.68) *** | 0.92 | (0.86–0.98) ** | 0.67 | (0.64–0.69) *** | 0.96 | (0.91–1.03) ns |
| Unit-level downsizing this quarter | 1.11 | (1.06–1.16) *** | 0.92 | (0.86–0.98) ns | 1.11 | (1.06–1.16) *** | 0.94 | (0.88–1.01) ns |
| Unit-level downsizing previous quarter | 1.20 | (1.14–1.27) *** | 1.01 | (0.93–1.09) ns | 1.22 | (1.15–1.29) *** | 1.04 | (0.96–1.13) ns |
| Unit-level merger next quarter | 0.87 | (0.77–0.99) ns | 0.86 | (0.72–1.03) ns | 0.86 | (0.76–0.97) ns | 0.89 | (0.74–1.06) ns |
| Unit-level merger this quarter | 1.12 | (1.01–1.24) ns | 1.10 | (0.96–1.27) ns | 1.11 | (1.01–1.23) ns | 1.14 | (0.99–1.31) ns |
| Unit-level merger previous quarter | 0.97 | (0.88–1.07) ns | 0.92 | (0.79–1.06) ns | 0.97 | (0.87–1.07) ns | 0.95 | (0.82–1.10) ns |
| Unit-level spin-off next quarter | 0.94 | (0.78–1.13) ns | 0.87 | (0.67–1.14) ns | 0.94 | (0.78–1.12) ns | 0.89 | (0.68–1.15) ns |
| Unit-level spin-off this quarter | 1.09 | (0.93–1.27) ns | 1.007 | (0.80–1.25) ns | 1.08 | (0.92–1.26) ns | 1.01 | (0.80–1.26) ns |
| Unit-level spin-off previous quarter | 1.05 | (0.89–1.23) ns | 0.72 | (0.56–0.93) ns | 1.04 | (0.88–1.22) ns | 0.72 | (0.56–0.93) ns |
| Unit-level outsourcing next quarter | 0.37 | (0.27–0.51) *** | 0.49 | (0.30–0.80) ** | 0.36 | (0.27–0.50) *** | 0.51 | (0.32–0.83) ** |
| Unit-level insourcing this quarter | 0.17 | (0.07–0.42) *** | 0.44 c | (0.12–1.51) ns | 0.15 | (0.06–0.37) *** | 0.44 | (0.13–1.50) ns |
| Unit-level insourcing previous quarter | 0.48 | (0.29–0.79) ** | 0.40 c | (0.15–1.03) ns | 0.46 | (0.28–0.75) ** | 0.46 | (0.18–1.19) ns |
Multilevel random effects logistic regression with short- and long-term sickness absence as outcome variables. Employee-quarters nested within employees, employees nested within units and units nested within departments
Significance: the level of statistical significance was set to p < .01. In the table, ** = p < .01; *** = p < .001
Abbreviations: SA sickness absence, OR odds ratio, CI 95% confidence intervals, ns not significant
N Upsizing 24,688 (313,056 observations); N Downsizing 24,838 (314,053); N Merger 24,165 (296,376); N Spin-off 24,084 (294,466); N Outsourcing 24,094 (293,352); N Insourcing 24,093 (293,310)
a Control variables not included
b Control variables included
c The results are calculated with the restriction “iterate (10)” to make converging possible with three random intercepts. The results are similar to those with two random intercepts (employee and work-unit) and without the iterate restriction