Table 3.

Summary of the psychological mechanism of qigong.

Author (year)	Study design	Participants	Sample size	Intervention	Control	Depression scales	Outcome measures	Results
Tsang et al. (12)	RCT	Depressed elders with chronic illness	EC:20/CG:17	Eight-Section Brocades (12 weeks; 3 times per week; 45 min)	Newspaper reading and discussion program	GDS	1.Self-efficacy 2.Self-concept	1.Significant group × time interaction effects on self-efficacy and some categories under self-concept

EG, experimental group; CG, control group; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale.