Table 1.
List of lncRNAs potentially implied in the aging process and age‐related diseases
| lncRNAs (References) | Samples studied | Processes | Effect during aging or other implications |
|---|---|---|---|
| Six3os, Dlx1as 258 | Adult mice brain | Neurogenesis | Upregulated in neuroblasts; downregulated in NSCs |
| Pnky 259 | Postnatal mice brain | Neurogenesis | Depletion of Pnky potentiates neuronal lineage commitment |
| MALAT1, GOMAFU, NEAT1, TUG1 101 | Human brain | Neurogenesis | Upregulated in the subependymal zone with age |
| RMST 260 | Human cell line | Neurogenesis | Required to promote neuronal differentiation |
| TERC 261 | Embryonic and postnatal mice brain | Neurogenesis | Balanced pattern with telomerase reverse transcriptase to determine NSC proliferation and survival |
| TERRA 123 | Postnatal mice brain | Neurogenesis | Upregulated in proliferating cerebellar neuronal progenitors |
| BC200 190, 262, 263, 264 | Rat/human brain, cell line | Cognitive decline | Act as a scaffold to bind with translational factors to repress neuronal protein synthesis; downregulated in the aged brain; upregulated in aging brain |
| BC1 262, 263, 264, 265 | Rat brain, human cell line | Cognitive decline | Act as a scaffold to bind with translational factors to repress neuronal protein synthesis; maintain neuronal excitability, mood, and exploratory behavior |
| BDNF‐AS, GDNF‐AS, EPHB2‐AS 266 | Mice brain, human brain neurons | Cognitive decline | Suppress protein synthesis (BDGF, GDNF, and EPHB2) involved in neurite elaboration |
| GOMAFU 267 | Human brain | Cognitive decline | Instruct alternate splicing in synaptic plasticity |
| NEAT1268 | Mice brain | Cognitive decline | Modulate ion channel components |
| BACE1‐AS 186 | Human and Mice brain | Neurodegeneration | Modulate BACE1 expression and Aβ aggregation |
| SORL1‐AS 187 | Human brain | Neurodegeneration | Direct alternate splicing of SORL1 and Aβ formation |
| UCHL1‐AS 188, 269, 270 | Human brain | Neurodegeneration | Regulate UCHL1 expression, which facilitates pathogenic protein aggregation in AD and PD |
| LRP1‐AS 185, 271 | Human brain | Neurodegeneration | Regulate LRP1 expression and Aβ metabolism in AD |
| 17A 157 | Human brain, cell line | Neurodegeneration |
Induce alternate splicing of GABA protein isoform Enhance Aβ secretion in AD |
| ANRIL 189 | Human brain | Neurodegeneration | Regulate CDKN2B expression, which is accumulated in neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques in AD |
| SNHG1 191 | Mice brain, human cell line | Neurodegeneration | Promote α‐synuclein in PD by targeting miR‐15b‐5p |
| G069488 192 | Human cell line | Neurodegeneration | Regulate neurite regeneration and neural restoration by suppressing NEDD9 under α‐synuclein accumulation in AD |
| RP11‐142J21.2 192 | Human cell line | Neurodegeneration | Promote apoptosis by suppressing SEMA6D via MAPK under α‐synuclein accumulation in AD |
| NEAT1, MEG3, Rian, Mirg 198 | Mice liver | Liver aging | Upregulated in healthy aging liver |
| H19 60, 67 | Mice cell line | Myogenesis | Modulate myoblast differentiation and muscle regeneration |
| lncMD1 202, 203 | Mice cell line | Myogenesis | Modulate myoblast differentiation during aging |
| SIRT1‐AS 206 | Mice cell line | Myogenesis | Modulate myoblast differentiation |
| MALAT1 204, 205 | Mice muscle, Mice and human cell | Myogenesis | Promote myoblast proliferation and differentiation in aging muscle |
| YY1 209 | Mice cell line | Myogenesis |
Upregulated in myoblasts but downregulated during differentiation Regulate myogenesis at the transcriptional level |
| Glt2/Meg3 210 | Mice cell line | Myogenesis | Maintain muscle development |
| MAR1 208 | Mice cell line | Myogenesis | Attenuate muscle atrophy induced by aging |
| MALAT1 212, 213, 214, 215, 216 | Human and mice cell | Angiogenesis, vascular remodeling | Control EC proliferation and senescence; mediate angiogenesis and vascular inflammation |
| MEG3 217, 218 | Mice vessel, human cell | Angiogenesis | Upregulated in senescent ECs; depletion of MEG3 promotes sprouting and EC proliferation |
| ANRIL 219, 220, 221, 222, 223 | Human artery and cell | Atherosclerosis | Distinct modulation on VSMC proliferation and plaque formation according to different splicing variants |
| H19 272, 273, 274 | Rat artery, human cell | Atherosclerosis | Modulate EC and VSMC proliferation and homeostasis |
| ASncmtRNA‐2 183 | Mice cell | Vascular aging | Upregulated in aortas from aged mice and senescent ECs |
| HOTAIR 225 | Human artery, cell line | Atherosclerosis | Downregulated in ECs form atherosclerotic plaques; regulate EC proliferation and migration |
| MIAT 224 | Rat artery, human cell | Angiogenesis | Regulate EC function |
| TUG1 226, 227 | Rat and mice cell | Atherosclerosis | Regulate EC apoptosis and VSMC homeostasis |
| linc‐p21 91, 95, 228 | Mice cell | Atherosclerosis | Promote apoptosis and suppress proliferation in VSMCs and macrophages |
| Gas5 229, 230, 231 | Rat artery, human cell | Atherosclerosis, vascular remodeling | Promote VSMC proliferation and migration; guide macrophage polarization |
| HOXC‐AS 232 | Human artery | Atherosclerosis | Downregulated in atherosclerotic plaques through inflammatory responses |
| linc00305 233 | Human cell | Atherosclerosis | Promote monocyte activation and vascular inflammation |
| lncRNA OTTHUMT00000387022 234 | Human plasma and cell, | Atherosclerosis | Promote inflammation in macrophages |
| lncRNA RP5‐833A20.1 275 | Mice artery and cell | Atherosclerosis | Regulated cholesterol homeostasis and inflammatory responses in foam cells |
| H19 235 | Human cell | Osteogenesis | Promote osteoblast differentiation |
| MALAT1 236 | Human cell | Osteogenesis | Induce osteogenic differentiation |
| HOTAIR 237 | Human cell | Osteogenesis | Suppress osteogenic differentiation |
| DANCER 238 | Human cell | Osteogenesis | Suppress osteogenic differentiation |
| MEG3 239, 240 | Human cell | Osteogenesis | Suppress osteogenic differentiation |
| MIAT 241 | Human cell | Osteogenesis | Suppress osteogenic differentiation under inflammation |
| MIR31HG 242 | Human cell | Osteogenesis | Rescue osteogenic differentiation inhibited by inflammation |
| DANCER 238, 243 | Human bone and cell | Osteoporosis | Promote osteoblast differentiation; suppress osteogenic differentiation |
| H19 107 | Mice tissue | Lipid deposition | Imprint IGF2 and affect lipid deposition |
| PLUTO 251 | Human islets | T2DM | Regulate β‐cell function and pancreatic formation |
| βlinc1 252 | Mice islets | T2DM | Associated with β‐cell loss |
| HI‐LNC901 253 | Human islets | T2DM | Correlated with insulin exocytosis |
| Kcnq1ot1, HI‐LNC78, HI‐LNC80 254 | Human islets | T2DM |
Upregulated in T2DM Sense blood glucose level |
| HI‐LNC45 254 | Human islets | T2DM |
Downregulated in T2DM Sense blood glucose level |
AD, Alzheimer's disease; ECs, endothelial cells; NSCs, neural stem cells; PD, Parkinson's disease; VSMCs: vascular smooth muscle cells.