Table 2.
Rabies Biologics Procurement and Forecasting in Vietnam, 2017.
| Vaccine | Equine Immunoglobulin (eRIG) | |
|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | n (%) | n (%) |
| Funding for biologics | N = 160 | N = 78 |
| Internal funds | 146 (91.3) | 62 (79.5) |
| From local government funds | 9 (5.6) | 0 (0.0) |
| Internal and local government funds | 0 (0.0) | 6 (7.7) |
| Loan from company or health center staff | 5 (3.1) | 10 (12.8) |
| Payment after biologics are received | n = 114 | n = 67 |
| 1 week | 18 (15.8) | 17 (25.4) |
| 2 weeks | 6 (5.3) | 4 (6.0) |
| 3 weeks | 11 (9.6) | 7 (10.5) |
| 4 weeks | 55 (48.2) | 27 (40.3) |
| > 4 weeks | 24 (21.1) | 12 (17.9) |
| Order frequency | n = 160 | n = 78 |
| As needed | 87 (54.4) | 45 (57.7) |
| Weekly | 21 (13.1) | 10 (12.8) |
| Monthly | 42 (26.3) | 15 (19.2) |
| Quarterly or Yearly | 10 (6.25) | 8 (10.3) |
| Number of days from order placement to arrival of biologics | n = 156 | n = 78 |
| Same day | 29 (18.6) | 17 (21.8) |
| 1 day | 65 (41.7) | 26 (33.3) |
| 2 days | 27 (17.3) | 13 (16.7) |
| 3 days | 15 (9.6) | 7 (9.0) |
| 4–7 days | 18 (11.5) | 13 (16.7) |
| >7 days | 2 (1.3) | 2 (2.6) |
| Vaccine demand over the past 3 years | n = 160 | n = 78 |
| Increase | 95 (59.4) | 46 (59.0) |
| Decrease | 14 (8.8) | 7 (9.0) |
| No change | 45 (28.1) | 25 (32.1) |
| Do not know | 6 (3.8) | 0 (0.0) |
| Forecasting considerations | n = 160 | n = 78 |
| The number of patients seen monthly | 68 (42.5) | 35 (44.9) |
| The number of patients yearly | 26 (16.3) | 14 (17.9) |
| The number of patients seen monthly and yearly | 7 (4.4) | 3 (3.8) |
| Seasonality | 13 (8.1) | 0 (0.0) |
| Outbreak period | 7 (4.4) | 3 (3.8) |
| Centers order a set amount each time | 12 (7.5) | 11 (14.1) |
| Combination of the number of patients, outbreak period, seasonality | 27 (16.9) | 12 (15.4) |
| Factors affecting purchase and forecasting | n = 160 | n = 78 |
| Demand by other centers | 50 (31.2) | 24 (30.8) |
| Shortage | 39 (24.4) | 16 (20.5) |
| Price | 25 (15.6) | 14 (17.9) |
| Payment method | 6 (3.8) | 2 (2.6) |
| Price and payment method | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) |
| Vaccine shortage and price or payment method | 19 (11.9) | 11 (14.1) |
| Vaccine shortage and demand by other centers | 9 (5.6) | 5 (6.4) |
| Combination of vaccine shortage, price, payment methods, and demand by other centers | 11 (6.9) | 6 (7.7) |
Notes: Due to rounding, percentages may not equal 100%. N = 160 eligible centers participated in the survey. All 160 centers provided vaccine and 78 of the 160 centers provided eRIG. Some centers did not respond to all of the questions, therefore denominators are provided. Seasonality is defined as the months with more patients seeking biologics (typically in the summer months). Outbreak period is defined as when a human rabies case is reported in that district.