Table 1.
Significant characteristics of the participants in the final dataset
| Meta-data | Healthy (n = 60) | Osteopenia (n = 61) | Osteoporosis (n = 60) | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (male/female) | 13/47 | 7/54 | 11/49 | NS |
| Age (years) | 63.57 ± 5.73 | 64.84 ± 5.28 | 65.07 ± 5.58 | NS |
| BMI | 29.09 ± 4.57 | 27.20 ± 4.80 | 23.96 ± 3.31 | *** |
| Weight (kg) | 78.86 ± 13.60 | 70.96 ± 14.44 | 61.65 ± 9.44 | *** |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 95.71 ± 11.95 (13/46) | 89.81 ± 12.40 (6/54) | 81.81 ± 9.36 | *** |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 106.71 ± 9.83 (13/46) | 103.63 ± 10.45 (6/53) | 96.66 ± 7.26 | *** |
| Waist–hip ratio | 0.90 ± 0.08 (13/46) | 0.87 ± 0.06 (6/53) | 0.85 ± 0.07 | ** |
| Mid arm circumference (cm) | 30.98 ± 3.62 (12/47) | 28.85 ± 3.97 | 26.80 ± 2.91 | *** |
| Calf circumference (cm) | 37.69 ± 3.73 (11/47) | 35.76 ± 4.28 | 33.93 ± 2.76 | *** |
| AP spine T-score | 0.28 ± 1.02 | –1.16 ± 0.87 | –2.86 ± 0.74 | *** |
| AP spine BMD (g/cm2) | 1.22 ± 0.13 | 1.04 ± 0.11 | 0.84 ± 0.09 | *** |
| Neck-femur T-score | –0.54 ± 0.35 | –1.27 ± 0.53 | –1.95 ± 0.80 | *** |
| Neck-femur BMD (g/cm2) | 0.98 ± 0.09 | 0.84 ± 0.07 | 0.84 ± 0.68 | *** |
| Vitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] (nmol/L) | 60.49 ± 20.84 | 69.98 ± 25.27 | 75.96 ± 26.43 | ** |
| Total Vitamin D [25(OH)D)] (nmol/L) | 63.68 ± 20.57 | 72.40 ± 25.36 | 79.18 ± 26.07 | ** |
| Calcium supplements (yes/no) | 10/50 | 31/30 | 35/25 | *** |
| Bisphosphonate medication (yes/no) | 4/56 | 6/55 | 17/43 | *** |
Group-wise comparisons of the clinical variables. Kruskal–Wallis or χ2 statistic was used to determine significance. The values represent mean ± s.d. or number of samples per group. 25(OH)D3: vitamin D3; Total Vitamin D [25(OH)D]: total vitamin D. Significance: P-adjusted.
***
≤0.0005;
**
≤0.005;
NS: not significant. Values in brackets for circumference measures and waist–hip ratio represents different sample size. The complete list of sample characteristics along with pairwise comparisons is available in supplementary Table S2, available at Rheumatology online. AP: anterior-posterior.