Appendix Table 3.

Association Between LDL Subfraction and Incident Cardiovascular Events (Not Full Extraction)

Author, Year (Reference)	Type of Test	Study Design	Mean Age, y*	Persons >65 y, %†	Men, %*	Diabetic Persons, %*	Smokers, %	Lipid Data
Howard et al, 2000 (36)	No data	Prospective longitudinal	56	~15	Not reported	47	35 (current)	LDL-c: 113 mg/dL
Arsenault et al, 2007 (23)	GE	Nested case–control	65	~50	64	6	16 (current)	LDL-c: 162 mg/dL
St-Pierre et al, 2005 (29)	GE	Prospective longitudinal	57	0	100	5	23 (current)	LDL-c: 148 mg/dL
Stampfer et al, 1996 (30)	GE	Nested case–control	59	~25	100	6	56 (ever smoked)	TC–HDL-c ratio: 5.2
Campos et al, 2001 (25)	GE	Nested case–control	60	~30	87	16	17 (current)	LDL-c: 139 mg/dL
Austin et al, 2000 (24)	GE	Nested case–control	68	~70	100	17	63 (ever smoked)	LDL-c: 142 mg/dL
Mykkänen et al, 1999 (27)	GE	Nested case–control	69	100	50	33	20 (current)	TC–HDL-c ratio: 6.09
Gardner et al, 1996 (26)	GE	Nested case–control	59	33	73	No data	42 (not defined)	Non–HDL-c: 176 mg/dL

LDL Subfraction Data	Sample	Duration of Follow-up, y	Outcome	Predictor†	Results§
					Unadjusted	Adjusted
Mean size, 259.1 Å	3668 or 4378 American Indians	Mean, 4.8	Fatal and nonfatal CVD event
			Women	Size	+
			Men	Size	0
			Diabetic persons	Size
Mean size, 260 Å; <255 Å, 29%	Men: 660 with CAD event, 1209 control participants	Mean, 7.7	Fatal or nonfatal CHD Men
			Men	Size	+
				Pattern	+	+
	Women: 375 with CAD event, 777 control participants		Women	Size	+
				Pattern	+	+
Mean size, 256.9 Å; pattern B, 40%	2072 healthy persons	Unadjusted, 13; adjusted, 5¶	Ischemic CAD event	Size Pattern	0 +	+
Mean size, 256 Å; pattern B, 47%; indeterminate pattern, 20%	266 with CAD event, 308 control participants	7	Incident MI or CAD death	Size Pattern	+ +	0 0
Mean size, 256 Å	Unadjusted analysis: 416 with CAD event, 421 control participants Adjusted analysis: 242 with CAD event, 218 control participants	Median, 5	Confirmed MI or CAD death (on placebo)	Size	+	+
Mean size, 260.0 Å	145 with incident CHD, 296 control participants	12	Incident CAD: MI or coronary intervention	Size Pattern	+ +	0
Mean size, 268.2 Å; pattern B or indeterminate pattern, 21%	86 with CAD event, 172 control participants	Mean, 3.5	Incident MI or CAD death	Size Pattern	0 0	0
Mean size, 261.7 Å; <260 Å, 40%; >274.2 Å, 10%	124 with CAD event, 124 with no event	Mean, 5 to CAD event	Incident MI or CAD death	Size Pattern+	+ +**	+

CAD coronary artery disease; CHD coronary heart disease; GE gel electrophoresis; HDL-c high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MI myocardial infarction; TC total cholesterol.

^*Of case patients in case–control or cross-sectional studies (when reported separately); data at baseline.

^†Approximate data were estimated from means (SDs) rounded to the nearest 5%; otherwise, data are the reported values.

^‡“Size” refers to analysis based on actual particle size (regression or comparisons of mean sizes); “pattern” refers to analysis based on distribution across categories of LDL subfractions (small, medium, or large).

^§+ smaller particles were statistically significantly associated with worse cardiovascular outcomes; 0 no statistically significant association between LDL subfractions and cardiovascular outcomes.

^∥It was unclear how many participants were analyzed.

^¶From reference 44.

^**The authors reported an association between LDL subfraction and cardiovascular outcomes, but no statistical analysis was performed.