Appendix Table 4.
Association Between LDL Subfraction and Progression of CAD (Not Full Extraction)
| Author, Year (Reference) |
Type of Test |
Study Design | Mean Age, y* |
Persons >65 y, %† |
Men, %* |
Diabetic Persons, %* |
Smokers, % | Lipid Data† |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zhao et al, 2003 (32) | GE | Prospective
longitudinal RCT |
62 | 40 | 74 | 23 | 64 (ever smoked) | LDL-c: 141 mg/dL |
| Mack et al, 1996 (33) | UC | Prospective
longitudinal RCT |
58 | ~15 | 92 | No data | 79 (ever smoked) | LDL-c: 156 mg/dL |
| Vakkilainen et al, 2003 (31) | GE | Prospective
longitudinal RCT |
56 | 0 | 74 | 100 | No data | LDL-c: 131 mg/dL |
| Miller et al, 1996 (34) |
UC | Prospective
longitudinal RCT |
57 | ~20 | 100 | No data | No data | LDL-c: 156 mg/dL |
| Ruotolo et al, 1998 (28) | GE | Prospective
longitudinal RCT |
42 | 0 | 100 | No data | 24 (current) | LDL-c: 180 mg/dL |
| Watts et al, UC No data 100 No data No
data Total cholesterol: 1993 (35) |
UC | Prospective longitudinal RCT | No data | No data | 100 | No data | No data | Total cholesterol: 280 mg/dL |
| LDL Subfraction Data | Sample | Duration of Follow-up |
Outcome | Predictor | Results‡ |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Adjusted | |||||
| Mean size, 266.8 Å; pattern
B, 26%; pattern A, 64%; small (<256 Å), 26% |
278 patients with CAD requiring PTCA or CABG | 3 y | Native CAD progression (angiography) | Size Pattern |
+ + |
|
| Peak flotation rate, Sf: 5.4; IV (Sf 0–3): 14.7 mg/dL | 220 patients with coronary stenosis | 2 y | Change in coronary atherosclerosis (angiography) | Size Pattern |
0 + |
|
| Mean size, 247.6 Å | 207 patients with type 2 diabetes (placebo group) | ≥1 y | Change in coronary atherosclerosis (angiography) | Size | 0 | 0 |
| Small, dense LDL (Sf° 0–5), 44%; pattern B, 41%; indeterminate pattern, 31%; pattern A, 28% | 116 patients with coronary stenosis (usual care group) | 4 y | Change in coronary atherosclerosis (angiography) | Pattern | 0 | |
| Mean size, 230 Å; small (<228 Å), 39% | 92 patients <45 y with MI | 5 y | Change in coronary atherosclerosis (angiography) | Size Pattern |
0 0 |
0 0 |
| LDL2 (density 1.019–1.040 kg/L), 36 mg/dL; LDL3 (density 1.040–1.063 kg/L), 92 mg/dL | 74 patients with angina pectoris not requiring revascularization | 38 mo | Change in coronary atherosclerosis (angiography) | Pattern | + | |
CABG coronary artery bypass graft; CAD coronary artery disease; GE gel electrophoresis; LDL-c low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MI myocardial infarction; PTCA percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty; RCT randomized, controlled trial; UC ultracentrifugation.
Of case patients in case–control or cross-sectional studies (when reported separately); data at baseline.
Approximate data were estimated from means (SDs) rounded to the nearest 5%; otherwise, data are the reported values.
+smaller particles were statistically significantly associated with worse cardiovascular outcomes; 0 no statistically significant association between LDL subfractions and cardiovascular outcomes.