Fig. 1.

Framework for studying health disparities based on individuals, cohorts, and specific objectives. Real/synthesized data module collects data on costs, disease parameters, interventions etc. and synthesizes data from multiple sources to create the synthetic social contact network. Modeling and simulation module consists of the disease model, net return model which labels health outcomes and associated costs. The inputs are collected by the first module, the outputs generated by the second module are individual level infected cases with a specific outcome (i.e., death, hospitalization, outpatient, ill but not seek medical care), and vaccinated cases. Analysis module performs health disparity analysis and intervention analysis. Health disparity is analyzed with respect to age and household income. Vaccination prioritization strategies are designed and compared to minimize death rate/total death count, or to maximize net returns per dollar spent/total net returns.