Table 4. Indirect exposure to violence and adverse mental health symptomatology among males and females, by percentage of student free/reduced lunch participation (FRLP) of attended school (N = 1548).

Measure	Males		Cramer’s V	p	Females		Cramer’s V	p
	≥90% FRLP n (%)	<90% FRLP n (%)			≥90% FRLP n (%)	<90% FRLP n (%)
Witnessed parent get pushed, slapped, hit, punched, or beaten by another parent or parent’s partner	103 (34.22)	29 (17.58)	0.1766	0.0001	154 (32.35)	54 (30.17)	0.0209	0.5924
Witnessed sibling get pushed, slapped, hit, punched, or beaten by parent (not including spanking)	58 (19.27)	19 (11.05)	0.1071	0.0198	87 (18.24)	25 (13.97)	0.0506	0.1952
Witnessed shooting/stabbing/beating	134 (44.37)	55 (31.98)	0.0085	0.0081	201 (41.88)	66 (36.46)	0.2065	0.2061
Witnessed murder	67 (22.19)	24 (13.95)	0.0295	0.0287	83 (17.44)	30 (16.57)	0.0102	0.7936
Experienced the murder of someone close	161 (54.21)	69 (40.59)	0.1311	0.0046	289 (60.21)	92 (50.83)	0.0846	0.0295
Positive screening for depression	41 (13.49)	14 (8.05)	0.0820	0.0729	145 (29.77)	39 (21.55)	0.0819	0.0344
Positive screening for lifetime PTSD	107 (35.31)	53 (30.64)	0.0490	0.2987	286 (58.73)	89 (49.17)	0.0856	0.0270
Positive screening for current PTSD	59 (19.47)	29 (16.76)	0.0345	0.4640	60 (33.15)	169 (34.70)	0.0145	0.7070