Table 5. Indirect exposure to violence and adverse mental health symptomatology among younger (≤14 years) and older (>14 years) youth, by gender (N = 1548).

Measure	≤14 years		Cramer’s V	p	>14 years		Cramer’s V	p
	Males n (%)	Females n (%)			Males n (%)	Females n (%)
Witnessed parent get pushed, slapped, hit, punched, or beaten by another parent or parent’s partner	131 (28.67)	197 (29.98)	-0.0142	0.6346	54 (33.33)	63 (36.21)	-0.0301	0.5806
Witnessed sibling get pushed, slapped, hit, punched, or beaten by parent (not including spanking)	75 (16.30)	100 (15.27)	0.0140	0.6393	29 (17.47)	31 (17.92)	-0.0059	0.9137
Witnessed shooting/stabbing/beating	194 (42.08)	255 (38.52)	0.0358	0.2305	86 (52.12)	72 (41.38)	0.1076	0.0475
Witnessed murder	76 (16.49)	103 (15.75)	0.0099	0.7414	52 (31.71)	36 (20.69)	0.1255	0.0211
Experienced the murder of someone close	224 (49.23)	387 (58.37)	-0.0902	0.0026	85 (51.83)	101 (58.05)	-0.0625	0.2509
Positive screening for depression	49 (10.54)	182 (27.20)	-0.1761	<0.0001	30 (18.07)	50 (28.57)	-0.1154	0.0222
Positive screening for lifetime PTSD	165 (35.56)	368 (55.01)	-0.1932	<0.0001	55 (33.33)	87 (49.71)	-0.1702	0.0022
Positive screening for current PTSD	90 (19.40)	220 (32.88)	-0.1498	<0.0001	33 (20.00)	53 (30.29)	-0.1213	0.0292