Table 1.
Selected hantaviruses and their reservoir hosts.
| Virus | Host sub-family | Host species | Distribution | Associated disease (fatality rate) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hantaan | Murinae | Striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius) | Asia and Russia | HFRS (10–15%) |
| Dobrava-Belgrade | Murinae | Yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis) | Europe | HFRS (7–12%) |
| Seoul | Murinae | Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) | Worldwide | HFRS (1–5%) |
| Puumala | Arvicolinae | Bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) | Europe | HFRS (0.1–0.4%) |
| Khabarovsk | Arvicolinae | Reed vole (Microtus fortis) | Russia | N/A |
| Prospect Hill | Arvicolinae | Meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus) | North America | N/A |
| Tula | Arvicolinae | Common vole (Microtus arvalis) | Europe | Unknown |
| Isla Vista | Arvicolinae | California vole (Microtus californicus) | North America | N/A |
| Sin Nombre | Sigmodontinae | Deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) | North America | HPS (40–60%) |
| Andes | Sigmodontinae | Long-tailed pygmy rice rat (Oligoryzomys longicaudatus) | South America | HPS (43–56%) |
| Black Creek Canal | Sigmodontinae | Hispid cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) | North America | HPS (>40%) |
| Rio Segundo | Sigmodontinae | Mexican harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys mexicanus) | Central America | Unknown |
| Laguna Negra | Sigmodontinae | Large vesper mouse (Calomys callosus) | South America | HPS (15%) |
Red lines separate the rodent-borne hantavirus clades. Viruses in each clade are carried by rodents of the same sub-family. Hantavirus species are found on most continents and display varied virulence in humans (Hardcastle et al., 2016; Jiang et al., 2017; Meyer and Schmaljohn, 2000).