(A) Quantitative PCR result showing the mRNA level of GATA4, DMRT1, NR5A1, SOX9 and WT1 was overexpressed in 293FT cells after virus infection. ACTIN was used as the housekeeping gene for normalization. n = 2 (technical replicates of ~4 × 105 cells were collected). All data are presented as means ± SD, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, Student’s t-test.>2 independent experiments were carried out. (B) hiSCs showed epithelial morphology change after 5 TFs overexpression. Magnified images were shown on the right side. Two types of cell density were tested. Scale bars = 400 μm. (C) Quantitative PCR result showing that the mRNA level of epithelial markers increased after overexpression of NR5A1, GATA4, SOX9, WT1 and DMRT1 (5TFs). Fold expression was normalized to the group infected by empty virus p2k7 (CTRL). ACTIN was used as the housekeeping gene for normalization. All data are presented as means ± SD. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, Student’s t-test. n = 2 (technical replicates of ~4 × 105 cells were tested). (D) Quantitative PCR result showing the mRNA levels of Sertoli cell markers. Relative expression of 5TFs groups was normalized to the level of HPF cells infected by empty virus 2K7 (CTRL). All data are presented as means ± SD, asterisks indicate statistical significance, (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, Student’s t-test).