Table 1.
Analysis of variance and means for wild (W) and domesticated (D) forms under irrigated and drought conditions
| Trait | Means | Heritability | D d /Di | W d /Wi | (Dd /Di)/ (Wd /Wi) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unit | F values | R 2a | Irrigated | Drought | |||||||||||
| Formb | Treatment | Form × treatment | CV (%) | Marginal | Conditional | D | W | D | W | ||||||
| Biomass-related traits | |||||||||||||||
| Stem biomass | g | 26.2*** | 89** | 30.2*** | 36.3 | 0.60 | 0.78 | 1.7 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.17 | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.96 |
| Leaf biomass | g | 25.3** | 114.1** | 62.3*** | 29.5 | 0.70 | 0.84 | 3.2 | 2.1 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.12 | 0.19 | 0.24 | 0.79 |
| Shoot biomass | g | 26.9** | 104.3** | 51.9*** | 30.5 | 0.68 | 0.83 | 4.9 | 3.3 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.95 |
| Root biomass | g | 154.6*** | 49.2** | 45.6*** | 42.8 | 0.35 | 0.58 | 2.9 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 0.08 | 0.52 | 0.67 | 0.78 |
| Total biomass | g | 82.2*** | 174.5** | 63.4*** | 30.2 | 0.59 | 0.79 | 7.7 | 4.4 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 0.17 | 0.32 | 0.34 | 0.94 |
| Root depth | cm | 27.9*** | 2.4 | 0.4 | 21.0 | 0.40 | 0.41 | 89.7 | 69.0 | 84.3 | 66.0 | 0.13 | 0.94 | 0.96 | 0.98 |
| Proportion of roots to total biomass | 61.5*** | 110*** | 0.8 | 17.4 | 0.70 | 0.76 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.06 | 1.50 | 1.67 | 0.90 | |
| Root depth length per root biomass | cm g−1 | 36.9*** | 46.8*** | 0 | 37.1 | 0.16 | 0.51 | 34.0 | 73.2 | 68.1 | 107.9 | 0.05 | 2.00 | 1.47 | 1.36 |
| Plant growth and development traits | |||||||||||||||
| Specific leaf area | cm2 g-1 | 48.9*** | 75.7*** | 9.2* | 16.0 | 0.42 | 0.49 | 362.1 | 463.2 | 306.7 | 348.7 | 0.08 | 0.85 | 0.75 | 1.13 |
| Root whorl number | 186.4*** | 1 | 0.2 | 30.6 | 0.36 | 0.47 | 2.6 | 1.3 | 2.6 | 1.2 | 0.14 | 1.00 | 0.92 | 1.09 | |
| SPAD | 55.1*** | 183*** | 11.1* | 9.2 | 0.72 | 0.76 | 37.7 | 31.0 | 46.5 | 43.3 | 0.07 | 1.23 | 1.40 | 0.88 | |
| Plant height | cm2 | 40.5** | 123.6*** | 88.8*** | 25.4 | 0.62 | 0.80 | 33.7 | 124.3 | 17.1 | 49.7 | 0.36 | 0.51 | 0.40 | 1.28 |
| Leaf area | cm2 | 4.1 | 74** | 10** | 37.2 | 0.65 | 0.80 | 1173.2 | 963.9 | 173.6 | 166.4 | 0.07 | 0.15 | 0.17 | 0.88 |
| Nodule number | 15.7*** | 32.2* | 27.1*** | 77.7 | 0.43 | 0.63 | 100.2 | 60.5 | 5.3 | 5.6 | 0.04 | 5.28 | 9.26 | 0.57 | |
| Phenology | |||||||||||||||
| Time from planting to emergence | d | 5.4* | 0.1 | 0.1 | 15.5 | 0.30 | 0.60 | 6.0 | 6.6 | 5.9 | 6.6 | 0.32 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 0.98 |
| Time from planting to V3 | d | 10.2 | 66.9*** | 53.8*** | 9.3 | 0.37 | 0.65 | 20.4 | 19.6 | 25.7 | 20.7 | 0.19 | 1.26 | 1.01 | 1.25 |
| Time from emergence to V3 | d | 24.4** | 120.8*** | 72.1*** | 12.3 | 0.46 | 0.56 | 14.4 | 13.0 | 19.8 | 14.1 | 0.07 | 1.38 | 1.08 | 1.28 |
CV, coefficient of variation.
*P < 0.05; **P < 0.05; ***P < 0.01.
aMarginal R2 is the variance explained by the fixed factors; conditional R2 includes fixed and random factors.
bWild versus domesticated.