Fig. 3.

Responses of five CIPK genes in roots of idd10 and IDD10 OX2 plants to exposure to NH₄⁺. (A, C, E and G) Expression of CIPK8, 9, 14/15 and 23 in idd10 and wild-type plants. (B, D, F and H) Expression of CIPK8, 9, 14/15 and 23 in IDD10 OX2 and wild-type plants. Levels of CIPK mRNA expression were determined using qRT–PCR. Sample mRNA levels were normalized against those of UBIQUITIN mRNA. Seedling growth conditions and treatments were as shown in Fig. 2A; total roots were sampled 0, 1, 3 and 6 h after the addition of NH₄⁺. Data are means ± s.e. (n = 3); different letters indicate significant differences between results (P < 0.05).