Fig. 3.

CNS network mechanism promoting resolution. BBB permeability restoration: Shh derived from astrocytes promotes Netrin 1 production by endothelial cells. This pathway reduces the BBB permeability and limits leukocyte infiltration. Astrocytes trap T-cells: activated astrocytes form a physical barrier that limits leucocyte infiltration. Astrocyte suppressive mechanisms: activated astrocytes produce anti-inflammatory cytokines that repress encephalitogenic T cells. Treg induction by neurons: neurons can repolarize encephalitogenic T cell into FoxA1⁺ Tregs. Foamy macrophage-suppressive mechanisms: foamy macrophages produce anti-inflammatory cytokine that contribute to inflammation resolution