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. 2019 Nov 27;9:17662. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-54198-8

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The NhaA dimer interface. (a) The crystal structure of the NhaA monomer and the interfacial domain between the two monomers of the NhaA dimer are represented according to¹⁷ (PDB.ID: 4ATV); one monomer is shown in colored ribbon, and the trans membrane segment (TM) are numbered by white Roman numerals. The relevant residues are in stick representation. Part of the other monomer of the dimer is shown in a grey line; the TMs are numbered in black, and the relevant residues are shown in line representation. In the NhaA dimer interface, sites where single Cys replacements on TM IX and the β-hairpin loop cross-link^22,26 are marked in dark pink. The membrane is depicted in wheat color. The cytoplasmic funnel (dots) is composed of TMSs II, IVc (c and p denote cytoplasmic and periplasmic sides, respectively), V, and IX. The periplasmic funnel (dots) comprises TMs II, VIII and XIp. The TM IV/XI assembly of short helices connected by extended chains is shown together with the putative Na⁺ binding site (D163, D164). Cyt, cytoplasm; Per, periplasm. (b) The direct contacts between NhaA monomers¹⁷: W258 and V254 on TM IX of one monomer make a cross interface bridge to TM VII of the other monomer at R204. The two representations were generated using PyMOL with equal notifications.