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. 2019 Nov 27;9:17692. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-53544-0

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Expression levels (Cq value assessed by qPCR) of candidate reference genes across different experimental contexts using (A) Frieseomelitta varia, (B) Melipona quadrifasciata and (C) Scaptotrigona bipunctata. Box-plots show medians (horizontal lines), 25th to 75th percentiles (boxes), and interquartile ranges (whiskers). The dots indicate the outliers (replicated samples with Cq values above 50% of the interquartile ranges).