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. 2019 Nov 27;9:17709. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-54176-0

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Comparison of representative examples of diffusion-weighted images (first column), S-VNC images reconstructed using a conventional material decomposition algorithm (second column, display window of (20, 60)), predicted DNC images generated using the proposed CNN (third column, display window (40, 80)), and TNC images (fourth column, display window (40, 80)) in the evaluation of acute ischemic stroke. Decreased SNR on the VNC images results in poor delineation of true infarct size and location. In contrast, the improved image quality of the predicted DNC images allows for better visualization of normal brain anatomy and pathology, as confirmed by DWI. First row: 75-year-old male with acute-onset left facial droop and left arm weakness secondary to an acute ischemic infarct within the anterior right middle cerebral artery territory. Loss of gray-white matter differentiation and local sulcal effacement secondary to the infarct are best visualized on the predicted DNC image in comparison to the VNC and TNC images. Of note, identification of the infarct is particularly difficult on the VNC image. Second row: 51-year-old unresponsive female who presented with a large acute left middle cerebral artery territory infarction. The true size and location of the acute infarct, as confirmed by DWI imaging, is most conspicuously identified on the predicted DNC image secondary to improved SNR.