Fig. 5. BATF3 can compensate for the loss of BATF and induce Il9 expression.

a, b Batf KO naive CD4⁺ T cells were transduced with a retroviral construct and cultured under Th9 (a) or Th9 + OX40L (b) conditions. Transduced cells were gated for GFP, and IL-9 production was measured by flow cytometry. In addition, transduced cells were sorted by flow cytometry before RNA isolation. Expression of Il9 mRNA in cells stimulated under Th9 (a) or Th9 + OX40L (b) conditions was measured by qRT-PCR. Data were normalized to levels of Gapdh and are shown relative to KO controls under both conditions. OX, overexpression. Error bars represent the s.d. P values were calculated using Student’s t-tests. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001. All experiments were repeated independently three times.