Table 4.

MICs of honey (mean % w/v) or novobiocin (mode; µg/ml) against Gram negative bacteria in the presence and absence of membrane modifying compounds.

Honey / Antibiotic	Organism	MICs with or without treatment
		None	PMBNa	EDTA	CCCP
Jarrah 1	E. coli ATCC 10538	13.3	12.5	7.5	10.8
	E. coli ATCC 25922	12.5	13.3	5.8	6.7
	P. aeruginosa ATCC BAA-47	10.0	9.2	8.8	7.5
	P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0
Marri 1	E. coli ATCC 10538	15.2	15.0	5.0	10.8
	E. coli ATCC 25922	15.3	16.7	10.0	6.7
	P. aeruginosa ATCC BAA-47	13.0	10.8	7.5	12.5
	P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853	13.0	12.5	8.8	13.3
Manuka	E. coli ATCC 10538	15.8	12.5	3.3	10.8
	E. coli ATCC 25922	13.3	14.2	4.2	8.3
	P. aeruginosa ATCC BAA-47	15.0	12.5	12.5	13.3
	P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853	18.3	13.3	11.7	15.0
Novobiocin	E. coli ATCC 10538	128	<8	—	—
	E. coli ATCC 25922	64	<8	—	—
	P. aeruginosa ATCC BAA-47	>256	<8	—	—
	P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853	128	<8	—	—

Values in bold indicate a significant difference between treatment and the untreated control (without membrane treatment), determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test.

^aFinal concentrations were as follows; PMBN: 10 μg/mL for both E. coli strains, 0.0625 μg/mL for P. aeruginosa ATCC BAA-47, and 0.3125 μg/mL for P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853; EDTA: 0.625 mM for both P. aeruginosa strains, 2.5 mM for E. coli NCTC 10538, and 5 mM for E. coli ATCC 25922; CCCP: 100 μM for both E. coli strains and 200 μM for both P. aeruginosa strains.