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. 2019 Nov 27;9:17668. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-54087-0

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Expression levels of monocyte markers, maturation markers, and co-stimulatory molecules on monocytes, iDCs, and mDCs. Monocytes were retrieved from adherent PBMCs. iDCs were induced from monocytes by supplementation with GM-CSF and IL4 for 6 days. mDCs were further driven from iDCs with TNFa and IFNg for 2 days. During their maturation, DCs were pulsed with total cell lysate or RNA prepared from single, double, or triple HCC cell lines. Monocytes, iDCs, and mDCs were stained with indicated antibodies and then evaluated for fluorescent signals by flow cytometry. The plotted bar graph indicates percentages of positive cells (mean ± SEM) that exhibited monocyte markers, CD14 (A); DC markers, CD11c (B); T-cell costimulatory molecules, CD40 (C), and CD86 (E); and, maturation markers, CD83 (D) and HLA-DR (F).