Table 2.
Demographic, clinical, and maternal characteristics among neonates with and without intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) diagnosis at discharge
| All Patients (n = 825) |
No IVH (n =707) |
IVH (n = 118) |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Race | 0.18 | |||
| White | 440 (53.3%) | 383 (54.2%) | 57 (48.3%) | |
| Black | 184 (22.3%) | 150 (21.2%) | 34 (28.8%) | |
| Other | 201 (24.4%) | 174 (24.6%) | 27 (22.9%) | |
| Gender (1 ambiguous) | 0.79 | |||
| Male | 442 (53.6%) | 376 (53.2%) | 66 (55.9%) | |
| Female | 382 (46.3%) | 330 (46.7%) | 52 (44.1%) | |
| Gestational Age (mean ± SD) | 29.7 ± 3.0 | 30.1 ± 2.7 | 26.9 ± 3.1 | <0.0001* |
| Birth Weight (mean ± SD) | 1422.5 ± 548.3 | 1488.8 ± 538.4 | 1026.0 ± 427.4 | <0.0001* |
| Apgar (median ± SD) | ||||
| 1-minute | 6 (4,8) | 6 (4, 8) | 4 (2, 6) | <0.0001* |
| 5-minute | 8 (7, 9) | 8 (7, 9) | 6 (4, 8) | <0.0001* |
| Clinical | ||||
| Maternal | ||||
| Hypertension | 93 (11.3%) | 82 (11.6%) | 11 (9.3%) | 0.47 |
| Pre-eclampsia | 158 (19.2%) | 148 (20.9%) | 10 (8.5%) | 0.001* |
| Intrauterine growth restriction° | 75 (9.1%) | 65 (9.2%) | 10 (8.5%) | 0.80 |
| Prenatal Medications | ||||
| NSAIDs | 45 (5.5%) | 38 (5.4%) | 7 (5.9%) | 0.81 |
| Steroids | 578 (70.1%) | 494 (69.9%) | 84 (71.2%) | 0.77 |
| Neonatal | ||||
| Resuscitation | ||||
| O2 and/or Positive Pressure Ventilation | 642 (77.8%) | 538 (76.1%) | 104 (88.1%) | 0.004* |
| CPR, Epinephrine, and/or Bolus* | 58 (7.0%) | 34 (4.8%) | 24 (20.3%) | <0.0001* |
| Medications | ||||
| Vasopressor support¥ | 97 (11.7%) | 63 (8.9%) | 34 (28.8%) | <0.0001* |
| Nephrotoxic Medication† | 681 (82.5%) | 572 (80.9%) | 109 (92.4%) | 0.002* |
| Discharge | ||||
| Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) | 0.001* | |||
| No NEC | 769 (93.2%) | 667 (94.3%) | 102 (86.4%) | |
| NEC | ||||
| Medical Management | 29 (3.5%) | 23 (3.3%) | 6 (5.1%) | |
| Surgical Management | 27 (3.3%) | 17 (2.4%) | 10 (8.5%) | |
| Respiratory Support at 7 days | <0.0001* | |||
| None | 381 (46.2%) | 352 (49.8%) | 29 (24.6%) | |
| Non-invasive (Oxyhood, Nasal Canula, CPAP) | 131 (15.9%) | 81 (11.4%) | 50 (42.4%) | |
| Invasive (Conventional Vent, HFOV, ECMO) € | 313 (37.9%) | 274 (38.8%) | 39 (33.0%) | |
| Respiratory Support at 28 days | <0.0001* | |||
| None | 523 (63.4%) | 483 (68.3%) | 40 (33.9%) | |
| Non-invasive (Oxyhood, Nasal Canula, CPAP) | 96 (11.6%) | 63 (8.9%) | 33 (28.0%) | |
| Invasive (Conventional Ventilation, HFOV, ECMO) € | 206 (25.0%) | 161 (22.8%) | 45 (38.1%) |
*
Bolus: Normal saline or packed red blood cells
¥
Vasopressor Support in 1st week of life: Dopamine, Dobutamine, Milrinone, Norepinephrine, Epinephrine
†
Nephrotoxic: Acyclovir, Amphotericin B, Aminoglycosides, Piperacillin/Tazobactam, Vancomycin
€
HFOV: High frequency oscillation ventilation, ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation