Figure 3:

Acute LAN Reduces Neurotrophic Signaling and Increases Neuroinflammation (A-C) Measure of neurotrophins in the hippocampus. (A) Main effect of lighting (F_1,51=26.66, p<0.001), sex (F_1,51=29.52, p<0.001), and sex by lighting interaction (F_1,51=15.57, p<0.001) on bdnf expression in the hippocampus; LAN reduced bdnf expression in males relative to same sex controls. (F LD n=14; M LD n= 13; F LAN n=14; M LAN n=14) (B) No group differences in igf1 expression in the hippocampus. (F LD n=15; M LD n= 14; F LAN n=14; M LAN n=15) (C) Main effect of lighting (F_1,53=34.32, p<0.001) and sex (F_1,53=8.392, p<0.01) on concentration of VEGF-A in the hippocampus; decreased VEGF-A in males and females housed in LAN relative to sex matched controls. (F LD n=15; M LD n= 14; F LAN n=14; M LAN n=14) (D) Sex by lighting interaction in vegfr1 expression (F_1,49=21.03, p<0.001); LAN increased the expression of vegfr1 in females relative to LD. (F LD n=14; M LD n= 13; F LAN n=13; M LAN n=13) (E) Main effect of sex (F_1,54=7.078, p<0.05) and a sex by lighting interaction (F_1,54=6.528, p<0.05) on vegfr2 expression in the hippocampus. (F LD n=15; M LD n= 13; F LAN n=15; M LAN n=15) (F) Sex by lighting interaction in il-1β expression in the hippocampus (F_1,53=10.31, p<0.01); increased il-1β in females housed in LAN relative to LD. (F LD n=15; M LD n= 13; F LAN n=15; M LAN n=14) (G) Main effect of sex (F_1,46=15.87, p<0.001) in the expression of tnf-α in the hippocampus. (F LD n=13; M LD n= 13; F LAN n=12; M LAN n=12) Error bars represent SEM; # main effect of lighting, * main effect of sex, + sex by lighting interaction; bars that do not share a letter represent multiple comparisons at p<0.05, two-way ANOVA; Tukey’s multiple comparisons test.