Table 1.
Three major cytokines associated with the genesis of sickness behaviour (Konsman et al., 2002; Broom, 2006; Tizard, 2008; Hart and Hart, 2019).
| Cytokine | Origin | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) |
Macrophages, monocytes, T-lymphocytes | Inflammation, sickness behaviour and fever |
| Interleukin-1 (α, β; IL-1) |
Macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, monocytes | Immune regulation, inflammation and fever |
| Interleukin-6 (IL-6) |
Fibroblasts, tumour cells, macrophages, endothelial cells | Inflammation, acquired immunity and fever |